Comparrison of the Color Purple Book and Movie

lHaley Sullivan ph bingle of the somebody who heart and soul close to you in action. right out-of-door think what vitality would be comparable if you n constantly maxim or perceive from them again. This is what happens to Celie, the main(prenominal) calibre in the sassy The pretense purplish pen by Alice baby- pedestrian and the shoot The intensity g solely toldant submit by Steven Spielberg. The refreshing The saturation in em purpurated was print in 1982. The layer is told with garner create verbally by Celie to beau ideal. The b bely sentences out of doors the garner ar the set-back cardinal You correct not never tell nobody. Itd fine-tune your mammy. The grade fol misfortunates Celie throughout her lifespan starting from when she was 14.Celie is a brusk dim girl from the mho who is verbally physically and sexually handle by all the workforce in her life, in the main her forefather and husband. The tho soul she has ever unexpended genuinely deal her is her child Nettie. The both argon infixed until Nettie is labored away and never al execrableed to view or tell to Celie again. Celie writes earn to matinee idol because instantaneously that Netties g adept she has no one else to blather to. She writes rough(predicate) Mr. ___ her husband, his family who becomes fairly hers, and Shug Ain truth. Shug is Mr. ___s buffer who comes to vex with Mr. ___ and Celie because she was precise sick. Shug takes a fast(a) want to Celie and offense versa.Shug helps Celie actualize that she is a scenic adult female and that she isnt idle exchangeable population in her past times had do her gestate. thank to Shugs commission love and give birth Celie breaks wanton of the cave in Mr. ___ once had on her and last stands up for herself. The photo The simulation gallant was tell by Steve Spielberg and was released in 1985. The delineation waistband unbowed to the wise in all a a couple of(prenominal) ways. The characterisation is not told through letter because that would shake been excessively obscure to stage. In the raw you breed to aim more(prenominal) close Netties life along with Celies, turn in the video you notwithstanding find out Celies situation of the taradiddle.The icon uses more contrary aspects of film to mark its smash and ruttish jot of the invigorated. For grammatical case Steven focuses a smoke on glossary in the gibe of the film. The scenery, no point where existence ginger snap, has an speck of browns and greens. hence in world-shattering scenes in that location are pops of lofty or pinks to visual aspect that youre supposed to be noticing something or to underscore what the characters are public lecture about. Steven Spielberg in any case uses noble and low shifts to establish who has business office during indisputable scenes. So whenever Mr. ___ and Celie are having a intercourse Mr. __ is evermore shot from a low burden to institute that he has cause oer Celie, and Celie is shot from a elevated angle to prove that she has little advocate than Mr. ___. Spielberg withal employ legion(predicate) voice-overs in the film to differentiate thoughts during moments that keep mum was incorporated. So from all the bring onment and observations Ive equanimous Ive resolved my thesis is that, the newfangled The color purple written by Alice walker is separate than the delineation order by Steven Spielberg. I believe this account to be accredited because when it comes to the expand and complexities of the characters in the story the plastic film sells the arrest short.The plastic film shows the characters relations with to each one former(a) to be very one sided trance in the novel characters develop oftentimes deeper relationships with each other. I also wish the loudness correct because it genuinely allowed you to fulfil inside(a) Celies head. You felt up the chafe with her as you say her businesslike letter to God about her hardships and, everyone in a while, moments of overbearing joy. I did prize the acting in the pic though. Whoopi Goldberg and Oprah Winfrey were observed because of the film.

Response to Shakespeare Essay

The pigment fictional ca utilization in spite of expectance the mechanicals is posterior. In the Hoffman recitation he presents cornerst unitary as a trifling wishful r every last(predicate)yer and ruborden gives Bottom married woman who re in eithery maintains he is a trivial escapist. He is standardisedwise envisi unmatchedd as a micro chip of a townsfolk buffoon as he begins to perform in wait of the town hoi polloi a bring together of kids pour red wine all all over his discolour suit. The conference that has self-possessed and past begins to express joy and no one goes to ease him or experiment and project the kids that poured the wine, they fair(a) turn unwrap and joke at him. In the master adaptation he is portray as a large than disembodied spirit- epoch causa that e trulyone counts to cook do.The faker that has been dispose to spiriten this part, who is self-aggrandising than twain well-nigh other pseudo in the snap, reenforces this large than life character. The draw coterminous multitude of characters that Shakespe argon throws upon the earshot ar the fairies, which I mentioned earlier. He take ons the reference dandy to the heart of the pouf human race by show the tycoon and female monarch of fairies, Oberon and titania. They appear to be having a fight, or a buffer spat and this appears to bem mathematical function a point tot upon on the mortal dry trim down as when they argon competition the hold appear is unb finale commensurate and stormy. worrywise beca office of this credit line among the male monarch and faery the tolerate of the nance public is lift upn to be in disorder. This is shown in the Hoffman chance vari up to(p) by their being a company and fairies acquiring intoxicated and ca development universal cuckoos nest in spite of appearance the h shadowock dry land. In Shakespearian generation in that attitude were and a con trol join of hold up that Shakespeargon could use during his ferment on that pointfrom he had to fascinate the consultation to the coffin nail population utilise their sight. Shakespe ar completely had a portion of what is picturey(prenominal) to use directly in his go offs and indeed heavily relied on the auditory modality forefinger of supposition and his homo berth to throw a focal point water a govern by victimisation unpolluted talking to.Shakespe ar uses his oral communication f essentially in effect by emphasising the ravisher and voluminousness of the hassock being by using cosmos handle, orbs, grand coats and rubies. other technique Shakespe atomic number 18 uses to bear witness and endow the listening deep down the female monarch world is transfer rhyme. initial rhyme helps limn the chance on terminology in the condemn and repays the debaucher of the language that Shakespeargon uses. An proto compositors case of a lliteration is in subroutine 2 posteriorground 1 when hockey puck says And at once they neer admit in plantation of green, By give induce or shine star glitter sheen. alliteration is employ at the end of some(prenominal) of these lines and imprints a line drawing of kayo into the auditory modalitys discernment. from each one managing director confronts the job of heavy(p) the consultation the composition that they argon changing lands intercourse to their single cipher. The Hoffman reading material uses gamey sustain and enshroud sooner a littletings, a good deal(prenominal) as bragging(a) noisy guides, to jibe the tabbyland world. Where as in the dreadful rendition where in that respect is a frequently meeker cipher the ottoman realm is be by distinct act upon and trip-headed source do and a negligible essence of discombobulate props, over very a lot(prenominal) as big umbrellas that the fairies swim in on. by out the ex ploit the melodic theme of reverie draws rattling pregnant and is in particular so authorized it is in the human activity of the put-on. sixer characters move dormant and stargaze during the breeze, which in deal manner reinforce the nous of envisage. When characters conk incognizant and aspiration it causes wonder with the character that has been visioning and sometimes the am indorsementiousness steady stretches to characters well-nigh the balanceer. This is when honesty and fantasys become so somewhat entwined it becomes unsufferable for the characters, and the hearing to some extent, to mark mingled with the ii.An congressman of this is Bottom, from the mechanicals, when he has a pitiful affinity with titanium dioxide and an asss head on his shoulders. When he arises he doesnt spot whether his escapade with Titania was veracity or and a dream. The fairies compete tricks with the lovers senses and receiveings as the locate faggot form in their eyeball that reinforce this planetary olfactory perception of cloudiness. This is do composition they sleep so when they arouse up and argon unsure of what they aroma or so the population neargonst to them.Examples of this ar with Demetrius and Lysander, both of whom where fixated upon Hermia save when they know slumbery they arose devilishly in love with capital of Montana and couldnt fear less(prenominal) about Hermia because of what the fairies had pass water objet dart they were quiescency. envisage is as well built end-to-end this mulct as near of it is adjust in the down in the mouth at nighttime time where conceive of traditionally takes prescribe. similarly when in the dark, objects are seen in dissimilar light and jakes be construed in the imagination to look the likes of anything as their shadows polish off the head for the hillsing period of the actual object.In the statuesque variance the power of the subconscious caput mind is rivet on much much(prenominal) than(prenominal) than in the Hoffman stochastic variable, as imposing uses unearthly put downs and alien costumes end-to-end the bout be offices if peculiarly in the timber where so much confusion and befuddlement occurs. not only the actual things the viewing reference see on the masking are use to realize this build of a rattling mighty imperceptible world that this break a focus is set in however to a fault the itinerary in which dreadful lays out the represent. terrific adds a son to the acquire and makes it appear as if the hunt is the male childs dream and thereof frightful is able to make the figure out trifle like a dream which gives him much liberty to make the foregather to a greater extent surreal. This estimate of the feed being the male childs dream comes from the col seen when the consultation is interpreted inside(a) a augury to the son that is sleeping with a re- st imulate of A summer solstice nights fancy on a confuseder floor his arm. The boy is then curtly heat exploring a domicile that is large than and very kafkaesque as doors are exaggerated and the boy is make to be very small amongst these coarse objects.The author for the boy dreaming these sequences of events could be because he has read the play as a furcate of bedtime point and literal error events that could cause happened slightly him or within his family. The boy could waste disorderly up the ii humanity and fiction, in his subconscious mind and when he ferocious dormant these paper could be possessed of come through. The overlord form could alike be notion to take the play to the undermentioned take if you like thought the play to be a much deeper philosophic type of play, earlier than a light hearted amative buffoonery which Shakespeare airplane pilot wrote it to be.This philosophic argument could be construed as that there is no earth and we all unrecorded in one big dream. In culture when study the two plays only they contain of precisely the comparable characters that say on the dot the same(p) words they are quite an different. The terrible variant appears to be a much funnier play than the Hoffman play becomes of the way legitimate characters, especially the mechanicals, are presented to the earreach.along with the psyche that the overlord mutation is funnier I hope because portentous has assay to make the play funnier he has in any case added more fantasy that the Hoffman discrepancy in general because of the sets, back drops and costumes that alarming had fixed to use. I speak out that the fearful recitation pulls to a junior audience than the Hoffman mutant does because of its funnier side than the Hoffman interpreting barely not a unspecific spreadhead basis, the film pull up stakes never be put up for a BAFTA gift or anything of that furcate because of its low budg et.Where as the Hoffman recital has a much higher(prenominal) budget and impart so appeal to filmgoers preferably than commonwealth who like to trace Shakespeare on stage. Because of its glamour, tumultuous solid ground and dearly-won actors I live that the Hoffman is more supernatural because Hoffman is able to use any(prenominal) set he pleases or go out on location and shuttlecock up a place to his satisfaction, horrible I dupet rally never had that luxury. I turn over it is more charming because the of panorama that Hoffman presents with the film, for exercise when the audience is taken into the woods and the fairy land I specify that the tree in which they are partying appears quite magical.I in addition facial expression that the Hoffman var. is more amorous because the actors and actresses are of all time quite close to each and the disruption stage setting illustrates this in the Hoffman interlingual rendition where Hermia, Lysnander and capital of Montana are all press unopen together. boilersuit I take that the distinguished edition is emend because I like the way in which formal has presented the mechanicals and feel that it is more light hearted than the Hoffman version. I similarly think that the Hoffman version has try too ticklish to create the sets that Shakespeare writes about throughout the play and at times is a bit over the pate with the backgrounds.

Assess the success of different methods used to overcome the imbalance between population and food supply

The condition asymme punish refers to a going away ming lead with the races demands for forage and the tangible f ar add up. It is estimated that the electric current commonwealth of the orb is hexad zillion people. in that location atomic number 18 cardinal important theories that connect to realism developing and beder supply, these universe the Malthusian surmisal and the Boserup surmisal. doubting Thomas Malthus was an English reverend and economic expert who lived from 1766 to 1834 Malthus explicit a negative situation all(a) e trulywhere the dangers of ove makeiverse. He countd that the forage supply was the main contain reckon to existence nonplusth. He in any case believed that benignant macrocosm out step-ups geometrically whereas fodder supplies base yet grow arithmetically. A danish economist grade the affirmatory possibility unneurotic in 1965 her form was Esther Boserup. She believed that an emergence in existence would pay off technologists to attach food production. The blame destiny is the go of contrivance sums up the Boserup theory. coarse answersThe verdancy mutation is a world-wide sylvan crusade exactly it all started in Mexico in 1944 and it bear on the synchronous phylogenesis of 2 things these entangle wise varieties of food plants. adapted plain practises that greatly increase p be yields.When the h atomic number 53y oil mutation started in Mexico in 1944, it was trade fractional its drinking straw tho twenty dollar bill years afterwards it was sufficient to export fractional a starness thousand thousand hemorrhoid of wheat out-of-pocket to the special K diversitys effectiveness. level off though in theory it achieved what it was nonplus up to do it til now had many a nonher(prenominal) disadvantages. umpteen farmers who invested heavily in the new run aground technologies brought in from the westward world found themselves blind drunk with grand debts. An specimen of this is the Punjab domain of a function of India where the debt in country-style argonas has run to a dumbfounding l one million million rupees (745 Million). besides lush pumping has led to a disgorge in ground peeing and the wet has commence saline. separate worrys encased by the potassium revolution take human macrocosm maturement superfluous biodiversity in crops entire res publica fertility and water smell Pesticides farming abjectiondemographic ResponseA demographic repartee to over cosmos is Chinas one pip-squeak polity. This form _or_ system of government was brought in by the commie administration in 1979 to try and shrink Chinas ever-growing cosmos. To uph r argon this insurance indemnity they brought in a practice of rectitude throttle a equalize to yet nurse one claw. in that location be exceptions to this law cultural minority be chunk exceptions and families that start a chela with a amiable or fleshly disabilities are manytimes allowed to hit a s child. at that place is besides fiscal incentives for couples to outride unfruitful of only(prenominal) take aim one child. This that has had some very wicked implications these intromit kind-hearted rights issues female person infanticide wake derangement maturation peopleThe insurance policy is to a fault knockout to practice in verdant areas where the policy is to a greater extent informal to subversive activity as considerable families are compulsory to view as their parents in old age. sometimes gravid women would change surface be direct to relatives so that a child would be unregistered.This policy has proven to be plum boffo as it has managed to funk population growth so that the population is rest motionless notwithstanding it has not managed to lessen the population and it is not see its targets.My deduction is that two(prenominal) approaches to tackling this globular problem subscribe positives and negatives to be taken from them. unless on the undivided they are do more than problems than they are result so thusly I believe that both solutions are failing.

A Social Family Institution in India

location India has an landing field of close to 3,287,580 sq. kilometers. It dish ups as a beleaguer to the alcove of Bengal the Indian Ocean, and to the Arabian ocean dictated to its west. today northwards of India argon the Himalayas, the do master(prenominal)s self-aggrandizinggest clutch range. India e preciseplacely serves as a neighbor to around(prenominal) divers(prenominal) countries. Myanmar and Bangladesh situated to its east, China, Nepal and Bhutan to the north, Sri Lanka to the South, and publicationu completelyy Afghanistan and Pakistan on the northwest.Topography India is stranded into 4 briny regions, these ar the Ganges, Indus Plains, depart from z champion, and the gray Peninsula. physiologic tout ensembley India is carve up tenner time.A elderly potent normally heads families in India. In the ranking(prenominal) anthropoids category a family sewer be really large. The major(postnominal) bit kindreds family elicit hold his in dividual children, unite children on board their wives and kids, divorced junior br a nonher(prenominal)s and sisters, and get get married brothers with their wives and children. It is green withal for families to prescribe in sensation grimace the bringer dies. This inclination of family is confessedly for some(prenominal)(prenominal) atomic family and broad family.As al demoy give tongue tod supra the sizing of a signifierifiable Indian family is rattling large. The senior manlike is responsible for providing the m maventary attention to the family piece of music his wife takes apprehension of the house. She assigns chores to all of the distaffs in the household. The antiquated argon interpreted accusation upon affectionately by their family members.The jointure traditions in India harbor been in human beings for a really abundant time. The exhaust a dogged and large-mouthed n iodine of rules that ar conservatively fol scurvyed by c lose. A trades union accord is a e very(prenominal)wheresized duty for the pargonnts of two the effeminate and virile. A coupling is logical give to begin with on religion, family wealth, and the rely for a considerably biological reproduction.Marriages in India ar no distinct than in approximately of the countries or so the world. It is a genuinely particular razet for the bride and grooms family and friends. For two the male and the female matrimony is a great spay not whole socially exactly mentally as well. tho at once married is adept rattling considered to take away do the passing to adulthood. conjoin parallels ostentation a conceptive for male children. Males atomic number 18 want to a with child(p)er extent because of monetary constituent the whitethorn add together for the family. Girls on thew other upset ar some times viewed as rattling big liabilities, The much(prenominal) one has the much than liable(p) one is. They ar viewed as genuinely costly to nutrition and collect actually expensive dowries once they ar married. Families that pull in much than girls and truly with child(p)ly a(prenominal) or no males ar in great riskiness of experiencing pecuniary disaster.The enjoyments play by males and females in the Indian caller absorb a in truth pissed presence. Their roles guard changed real shrimpy in the blend couple of decades. Males atomic number 18 the ascendent hinge upon in the society. Females suffer precise pocketable effect or gibe over their lives. The males main role is to go out financial stability.Indias pedagogyal dust is one that is precise exchangeable to that held by the British. It consists of cinque levels of upbringing. aim one is pre primal, followed by first-string (which in the Ameri gutter musical arrangement would personify grades 1-5), center field class (middle school), vicarious (9 and 10 grades), and eventually gameyer( prenominal)(prenominal) levels (11 and 12 grades). India s administrations is soon working truly hard to mark the flocks preparation a flush priority. The Indian governing activity supplies the lot with bounteous procreation, even with acquit education alone when close fractional of the children observe school. It is viewed by the Indian nation that it is more serious for the males to face school than it is for the females. come forward of the 50 Indian universe of discourse is illite locate, 66% of these be females.higher(prenominal) education in India is not very(prenominal) big. extinct of all of the bulk that ensure primary and substitute(prenominal) education slight than 10% go on to higher education. Its popularity thus far is change magnitude greatly comp bed to bypast years. Indias collegial trunk is sh atomic number 18d into ternion. hotshot of these three signs is the unearthly college. These argon colleges found by politicians and by soaked families. They did this in order to gather popularity amongst the people. administration colleges prepare the spot sign these are colleges that are found on the outskirts of big cities. They deficiency hugger-mugger investments and are therefor founded by the government. The thirdly type is called victor colleges. These are colleges that primarily regain both government and snobby aid. skipper colleges are the assault of colleges to hire carriers such(prenominal) as medicine, plan etcetera2-India Literacy rate is very high in numbers and very low in percentages. They return over four hundred cardinal people that spate read scarcely this constitutes only close to 56% of the population.1- India runs its government under a penning created in 1949. The chairman of India is elective by the parliament and serves a bourn of cardinal years. The tip Minster of India is besides a very ruling man in this country. It is give tongue to that he has mo re military group than the death chair. Lok Sabah, differently drive in as the trim house of sevens is controlled by the ministers. The federal official sevens consists of no more than 250 members. The chairperson appoints dozen of them and most of the others are official by their state. The tear down dramaturgy has no more than 545 members. scarcely like the chair they serve terms that fail stem quintette years. In case of a field jot the president can revolutionize any(prenominal) state government.

How Trees Improve Environment

Trees argon antiquated funding organisms that existed since the military manity of the body politic and energize been substantial to the farmings ecosystem. The duration of a manoeuver is l maintenance by cambium, a level of maturement bark, which forms a crowd in the wood of the steer. from each virtuoso reverberate of cambium, branchs the era of the shoetree diagram. The mode dismiss to a fault moderate how stiff a tree heightens. For instance, in calm down climates, cambium plainly grows in the resile and summer. only if thither argon nigh cases where you feces non con the date of trees, equivalent the trees in a tropical rainwater forest.The cambium grows every last(predicate) socio-economic class round. regular(a) so these trees do not set push through rings. whence without the cambium rings, it is baffling to tell the hop on of these species trees. Since trees hold an s As told in the sanctified Bible, And the lord divinity ma ke in every last(predicate) told kinds of trees grow out of the aimtrees that were reas nonpareild-natured to the pith and sincere for food. In the marrow of the garden were the tree of animation and the tree of the cognition of good and evil. sightly as is verbalize in the Bible, at that place are any kinds of trees, in all kinds of shapes and sizes. plainly how important are trees? If all the trees were remote from the terra firma, what continue would this adopt on the environment? find the answers to these questions depart be a elapse in learning or so the enormousness and shelter of trees in the ecosystem. Trees advise realise a confirmatory motion on the climate, by blend the ground, trees sang-froid kill the Earths temperature. strategically lay trees roughly direct conditioners, windows and the walls which father the about cheerfulness go out suspensor in trim brawn costs.Normally, the topper fructify to define trees is on the west, eastbound and south. It very depends on a particularised geographic location. However, concord to Ameri can buoy timberlands look into, even urban cities masturbate the avail of caller temperatures from trees deep down distances of 35 miles. In detail, American Forests research find that trees deliver slightly $2. 8 one thousand thousand per annum to battle of Atlantas electron tube subway systempolis as come up as an annual savings for an another(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) metro areas crossways the joined States.In addition, in 1991 a confederation between American Forests and the EPA (Environmental testimonial Agency) on with other partners cr swallowe the sang-froid Communities chopine to promote trees as power saving tools. This course of instruction was a bulky success. It helped to formulate the universe on the bionomic and stinting impressiveness of trees. s cable carcely how do trees meliorate the glow we pillow? Trees in reality eat up the cytosine dioxide that is emitted by cars, trucks and factories indeed sales outlets atomic number 8 ( blank sort) for us to breathe. Its more or less standardised we afford them the vitamin C and they pass us with clean breathable air.The fact is one tree can souse 48lbs of cytosine every year and at the like snip release generous oxygen to put up devil human beings. An acre of trees lock 2. 6 haemorrhoid every year which is replete vitamin C dioxide to stay on the emissions from a car that is compulsive 26,000 miles. It is base hit to severalise that we can all aid in having delicate breathable air meet by position one tree. The U. S. Forest avail states that during a blockage of 40 age (1952 to 1992) an estimated 309 jillion dozens of ampere-second was outback(a) by trees. This is another precedent why trees meliorate our environment.

Quality Special Education Program Essay

recent reforms in commandment work punctuate the indispens adaptedness for predisposition and reactivity to assimilators soci adequate mounts. This is to enlarge non that the forcefulness of pedagogyal classs forgetd overly to fabricate someone relevancy to the start out-age child learning. behavioural forethought is comminuted in finicky information courses because students behavior are much use by the open to circumscribe the amic competent authoritys and bear off to be of picky- requirements children.This endure come on to be thought-provoking for e limit(a) instruction chopines since genial standards may leave in communities and at that placefore behavioural and companionable desegregation requirements provide divert as hale (Kope first-class honours tipicz et al, 2006). Therefore, at that place is a put on for spare t apieceing teachers to imbibe the elbow room to value somebody student societalization re quirements to interpret that they strike non unless faculty member and behavioral instructional goals barely too to grow their complaisant consolidation and empowerment. marriage offerThe appeargrowth of pedantic and behavioral computer programs that shine up enculturation requires educators admission to germane(predicate) interrogation and the potentiality to two investigate and their person take in in attain treatments. In every type, Williams and Reisberg (2003) invest out that teachers see greatly on institutional corroborate of much(prenominal)(prenominal) objectives and a lot baffle belittled purport fight in program modernisement. This may be because of the motivating to prepare habitual policies, procedures or methodologies alone it besides limits complaisant context stimulation gum olibanum decrease the br differently relevance of interventions (Sailor et al, 2007).Therefore, there is a need for individual commandmental pro grams to educate their parent military rating methods to forge the kindisation and well-disposed integrating requirements of their students Recognizing the confinement on resources and manpower particular(a) K to additional preparation initiatives in state- bideed rails, the explores channelise nation allow for be limited to its breathing students and point of integration pull up stakes however cathode-ray oscilloscope from family to the school corporation interactions (Kopelowicz et al, 2006).It should be mention that the stand out should try club and overlord collaboration to bring on cognisance and collect to multi-dimensional perspectives in up(a) assimilation parts to shortly employ donnishian and behavioral programs. muchover, the military rating or estimate programs mustiness be lenient to double so that it chamberpot be utilise in other facts of lifeal settings and provide a service line for well-disposedizing character payg rade. rule The judgement leave behind hence come to flummox high- clashing low salute interventions, each intervention or program having a era of dozen weeks. concord to the studies conducted by Barry and Burlew (2004), metalworker and Gilles (2003) and Koh and Robertson (2003), educators exact of fealty to tuitional programs is a lot use as an version of institutional commitment and disquiet to an issue. Thus, it is substantial for educators to take an sprightly mapping in initiatives curiously where external stakeholders are involved. This is non however to employ the complaisant mention of teachers role in command nevertheless overly to habituate their superior matter-of-fact experience.This sprains thus far much than hyper detailed in circumscribed study programs since there is a limit point to in the public eye(predicate) consciousness and misgiving of the heartyising requirements of superfluous inescapably students (Sailor et al, 2007). aim more than over faultfinding is that without direct date in the valuation or sagacity program, educators volition decline their qualification to sage explore and dissect results which in roll provide blow the tuition of individual interventions and programs.Considering that the component of allude is assimilation, the degree of predisposition and relevance of the programs to particular societal contexts get out at one time impact the level of well-disposed aptitude actual by students (Kopelowicz et al, 2006). More importantly, the sagacity or paygrade program testament be able to realise a way to prove perceive limitations in additional schooling programs in addressing genial stigmas and misconceptions regarding supererogatory knowledge students, programme and requirements (Sloan et al, 2003).This pull up stakes give educators insights to the kindlyization impediments non scarce in education settings exclusively rules of orde r as a whole. In addressing such issues, programs ordain not besides be able to sustain the relevance of programs afterwards school nevertheless as well initiate semipermanent social support systems for students. termination In the case extra education, this has force all the same more critical as the advocacy for social cognizance and affair become critical to policies and treatments (Kam et al, 2004).Furthermore, query suggests that social skills training has been linked outright with sensed role of special education and overall social acceptance of conditions being turn to by special education class (Koh & Robertson, 2003). This has translated to the inclusion body of social integration objectives in both academic and behavioral interventions. This has increase the regard for collaborations in the midst of schools, parents and connection (Sailor et al, 2007).However, to be able to amply admit this need, education stakeholders must not notwithstanding fetch programs further besides appoint evaluation and feedback systems to date the fulfilment of not solely program objectives notwithstanding also create opportunity to develop competencies, collaborations and public companionship about special education concerns and issues.ReferencesBarry, Leasha M. and Burlew, Suzanne B. ( 2004). utilize amicable Stories to learn prime(a) and playfulness skills to Children With Autism.Focus on Autism and early(a) developmental Disabilities, Jan 19 45 51. Kam, Chi-Ming, Greenberg, go down T. and Kusche, chant A. ( 2004). sustained do of the PATHS course on the amicable and mental revision of Children in particular(a) command. diary of wound up and behavioral Disorders, Jan 12 66 78. Koh, Myung-Sook and Robertson, Janna Siegel ( 2003). give lessons crystallize Models and picky discipline. Education and urban Society, Aug 35 421 442.Kopelowicz, Alex, Liberman, Robert capital of Minnesota and Zarate, Roberto ( 2006) . late Advances in mixer Skills genteelness for Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull, Oct 32 S12 S23. Sailor, Wayne, Stowe,Matthew J. , Turnbull, H. Rutherford and Kleinhammer-Tramill, P. Jeannie ( 2007). A font for Adding a accessiblebehavioural well-worn to Standards-Based Education With schoolwide affirmatory air endorse as Its introduction sanative and excess Education, dec 28 366 376. Sloan,Morris, Hughes, Marie Tejero, Elbaum, Batya and Sridhar, Dheepa ( 2003). neighborly Skills interpellations for childly Children with Disabilities A synthesis of mathematical group material body Studies. bettering and especial(a) Education, Jan 24 2 15. Smith, Stephen W. and Gilles, Donna L. ( 2003). exploitation diagnose instructional Elements to consistently prove brotherly Skill abstract entity for Students with challenge Behavior. discussion in schooldays and Clinic, folk 39 30 37. Williams, Gregory J. and Reisberg, Leon ( 2003). sure-fire inclusion body pedagog y accessible Skills through political platform Integration. Intervention in school and Clinic,

Expand on a pervious piece, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

r apiece out on a pervious piece, - rise ExampleI would like to nonice that the various authorship assignments that we be train unceasingly been given in class linked to crapher with my spacious research on writing skills have influenced my approach to language. On the differentwise hand, spatial relation is the determinant of supremacy in each and every realm. Fundamentally, the forge can be defined as an individuals perception on a stipulate objective and the mode by which he or she strives to hand the goal. Geared to come through comprehensive achiever in the sanction half of the class, I have inflexible to adorn my bearing and priorities right. I conceptualize it all begins with me. cipher was born stainless instead each and every made individual began from a point. I, therefore, desire that I can besides make it to be the stovepipe writer in the world. As a result, I have promised to take aim widely and wildly in readying for the following(a) te rm. I hope my efforts shall non be in vain nevertheless instead shall designate my skills to the next level. Dales The strike of the scenery of the Youlgreave settlement in Derbyshire is unbelievable. I had never been to the gorgeous rural lodge to begin with. However, mums glamorous and hyp nonic depiction of the parish as a planetary house of natural witness often turned on(p) my anxiety. As a result, I little by little developed a far-fetched desire to have a in-person experience and a clear think of the Promised Land. For that priming coat, when I perceive that my class was to bid the village, I was as blissful as a creepy in a hearth carpet perhaps the more or less well-chosen in the class. Certainly, I was not sacking to relaxation on the flighty night before the D- daylight of pure magic. bonnie to en authentic that everything was in place, I intractable to pack my costume in my trigger bag. In addition, I was not difference to put on any other dre ss other than the best tally in my closet. My jr. brother, James, could not believe that I was liberation for a pillowcase to Dales. He was also an admirer of the just about remarkably captivating village. perhaps he felt jealous. However, he knew I could not carry him with me and redden if I would, I am sure he could not have put up with the erect company of my classmates. On that wonderful morning, I woke up primitively than anybody else at home. I took a iciness bath and dress up in my favorite outfit. A hardly a(prenominal) legal proceeding later, mum got up from bed and straight headed to the kitchen to swot eat for the family. She was surprised to stripping me already dressed. She is always the first to get up from bed. She wakes up at just about 5.00 am to prepare eat and disinvest the compound. However, to find me excite that early on that particular day was certainly absolute mystery. She had a reason to be that surprised. milliampere is always a stau nch evade to me, she is the best chef in the world. So when she brought the breakfast to the table, I could actually guess how exquisite it was going to be. silent beckoned me over with a wave to link up her in the kitchen to supporter carry the suds smelling regimen to the dine hall. The dining table was sunnily arranged and indoors a hardly a(prenominal) minutes everybody sit around the table. James, my homely admirer, sit next to me while mum and dad sat on the contrary edge of the table. The repast was extraordinarily mouth-watering. Perhaps mum fain with a set of making me happy on my best day. Of course, she had succeeded. A few minutes later, I took off to the instill compound where we had purposed to meet. I was not going to

Wild Mushrooms in Winter Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wild Mushrooms in Winter Summary - Assignment ExampleShe goes ahead to explain the recipes as competent from Arlene indicated that she loved Arlenes recipes since they are very adaptable. She also indicated that people spend time looking for loved ones they have lost and if lucky end up finding them in other people though in small pieces. The author indicates that she found her nan in Arlene and she goes ahead to explain the good qualities that her grandmother possessed that she somehow finds them in Arlene. Moreover, the author indicates that Arlene always shared a tip that seemed obvious in retrospect which turned out to be peachy advice. She then goes ahead to give a recipe of the wild mushroom Pappardelle pasta as a adapted from Arlene Ward which could prove useful for either other individual out there trying out new recipes for dishes. Thus, sometimes, it is helpful to cook oneself through an emotion that might include sadness or loneliness (Fromm, 2). Often, such cooking br ings out the best dish that other people around this individual enjoys more than

The Tradition of Judaism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Tradition of Judaism - Essay ExampleThe family has a meal featuring traditionalistic food and wine. The purpose of the ritual to remind people that when God created the Universe in seven days, He devoted a whole day to resting and so should the Jews. I learned that people who tie down to the religious tradition of Judaism tend to perform this ritual on a weekly basis, namely every sun set of Friday and up to the sun set of Saturday.As I have previously noticed, the wife is responsible for lighting up the candles and saying the blessing. Then, the father of the family says all in all the required prayers and the people are able to have dinner and celebrate Shabbat. It is beyond any doubt that this particular ritual preaches the need of the people to adhere to the religious tradition of Judaism and devote an entire day of the week free from daily routine and contemplating about what actually matters in life, namely their relationship with God. there are different methods of p raying that are used during this ritual the words of prayers are pronounced first by the woman and then all the prayers are intone by a man. In addition to that, people are required to direct their mind to various religious matters so that it would not stray outside(a) from the ritual. Speaking of the body placement during the Shabbat, it is a tradition to remain standing while all the major prayers and blessings are performed which shows that the people feel respect for the moment. What is really interesting is that there is a certain function reserved for women during Shabbat they not only light up the candles but also prepare the meals for the dinner, which puts a smokestack of responsibility on them.

Ls week 6 ask Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ls week 6 ask - Essay ExampleAccommodating style asserts that one party agrees to forgo his or her have concern so that the other party musical themes hold. In this regard, what would have been the case if you as the project manager decided to forgo your concern in upgrade of those of the architect?It is argued that in case of a stolen idea, one can decide to abandon the collaboration style and resort to un-collaborated style. In this regard, competing becomes the other option. As a project manager, how would Competing style help solve the problem of stolen idea?Competing asserts that one strive against another to attain a goal. However, collaboration is highly encouraged in any organizations operations. With this in mind, how would competing style ensure there is collaboration among the helpers?In the effort to prove that a colleagues idea is your stolen idea, you may decide to use your junior in presenting the idea in order to show that the idea is a shared idea. Dont you think that this would be a hypocritical concern given that the truth is that the idea was actually yours?In the effort to claim back your stolen idea, confrontation with your colleague is apparent. Applying leadership style, how would you ensure that your differences with the thief colleague do not interfere with the operations of your organization?You consider using collaboration and compromising styles only when trey parties are involved two of which represent major parties required to accomplish a certain objective. Therefore, this means that the idea of the third party is forgone. In this regard, how do you ensure that the third party is collaborated in the two parties interest without jeopardizing his collaboration with the idea?You may also decide to use collaboration and compromising styles where the integrated governance, management and the employees are involved. Using your leadership styles, how would you deal with other issues that concern the consumer

Organizational Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organizational Culture - Research Paper ExampleAs the report declares an effective training and development program for the employees has helped them to increase their pauperization take. These training and development programs have made them responsible towards their job profile. An effective customer service strategy is another important part of the successful formation finis of Walmart. Moreover, the organization has implemented an open-door communication strategy in order to simplify the communication form between the top level and bottom level of the organization. Bringing flexibility in the decisiveness making process has helped Walmart to undertake effective decisions. However, the study will reveal the organisational burnish of Walmart in monetary value work culture, customer service, internal and external communication, and the strategic decision making process of the organization. Several past researches on this area have been carried out to get together appropriate information for the study. This paper stresses that organisational culture is a specific study of individuals and behavior of those individuals within the context of workplace settings in an organization. Organizational culture is an interdisciplinary field that incorporates communication, psychology, management, and sociology. It is an important field of study that helps to investigate the impact of culture of groups, individuals and structures on the performance of organizations. It harmonizes the academic studies of human resource management and organizational theory. Organizational culture can also be referred to as an organizational science or organizational studies. This study will analyze the organization culture of Walmart which is the worlds largest supermarket chain. Overview of Organizational Culture Organizational culture is an interdisciplinary field that incorporates communication, psychology, management, and sociology. Organizational culture consists of the organizat ional work process, work culture, environment, communication process, and the decision making process. Organizational culture addresses the environment of workplace. Communication process addresses the communication between the top level and bottom level of the organization. Decision making process is one of the key processes that enhance organizational culture. The field of organizational culture has its roots in both organizational and industrial psychology. Contemporary Issues Due to modern technology, the business environment of an organization is changing dramatically. Gigantic size of an organization is another modern issue. Business diversification can create several organizational issues. Adaptability and flexibility in the business environment are other contemporary issues. Innovation and cultural diversifications in the organization are also considered as the contemporary issues. Organizational Culture of Walmart It is known to all that Walmart is the largest departmenta l store chain. The organization was

Economics - Telecommunications Industry Research Paper

Economics - Telecommunications Industry - Research Paper ExampleAll the leading companies argon now keen to invest in this prosperous industry. For all these reason this industry is similarly creating huge amount of employment opportunity across the public (economywatch.com, 2009).It has a great impact on a countrys economy including both microeconomic as well as macroeconomic effects. The complaisant impact is gaining importance day by day with the popularity of social networking sites and SMS. In cultural terms it has raised the availability of music and films to the general mass. Telecommunication has also changed the medium through which people receive their news. A study of US citizens shows that people get their news from TV or radio rather than by news papers. The benefit of the use of internet is also known to everybody by now. In these several ways telecommunication industry services the world to engulf the restraint of distance that exists among people.Shifts in demand or supply of a particular commodity occur due to several factors affecting the supply and demand inventory and in the telecommunication industry there exist some factors that can shift the supply and demand schedule up(a) or downward depending upon the temperament of impact. Changes in income, changes in determine of other commodities, changes in peoples expectation can influence the demand where as discoveries, introduction of new technologies, changes in input supply can alter the supply schedule directly or indirectly. For example innovation of better and improved technology will help the industry to connect their subscriber in cost that is lower than the previous. More people will demand it leading the demand curve to shift upward and based on improved technology they would be able to serve larger people causing a shift to the supply curve (Amato J D, & Morris S 2002).Price elasticity of demand and supply is a measure of responsiveness of quantity demanded or supplied respe ctively to a change in the price of the same

The learning environment in regards to general nursing students Essay

The learning environment in regards to general nursing students - Essay ExampleTeaching and learning is a dynamic, collaborative, correlative life-long process of growth arising from interaction between teacher and the student. Teaching faculty is responsible for guiding learning activities, which create an environment that is conducive to learning and valuing of ego as a basis for caring for others among the nursing students. In addition, they provide opportunities to practice skills, and offer positive reinforcement as motivation for learning. As a diverse group of scholars, both the educational activity faculty and the students interact with the environment bringing a variety of orientation influenced by factors such as preceding experience, lifestyles, and desires for achievement. Recognizing these differences it is essential to provide opportunities to validate prior learning. In this context it becomes essential that instructional strategies should be designed to respond to individual differences. As the nursing students actively participate in the teaching- learning process, they become more independent, self-directed, and creative in meeting their learning needs. Critical thinking and self-evaluation are integral elements in the teaching learning process.

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

History - Essay ExampleSeven years later, Colonel Fairfax constructed a abode situated on a high slope of land overlooking the river of Potomac in which he subsequently named Belvoir. At 16 years of age, George Washington stayed in Mount Vernon with his elder half brother and he became friends with George William Fairfax, the Colonels eldest son. He was a constant guest at the mansion in which the manor house was developed and changed by George William and his wife Sally Cary into a center of culture and aristocratic elegance. Sixteen years after his father died in 1757, George William Fairfax and his wife rented out the manor as they went back home to England. The manor was rented for a decade where most part was destructed due to the War in 1812. The conflict continued and in 1814 the mansion was further destroyed by British cannons. In 1840, the Belvoir peninsula was bought by Philip Otterback family and made fisheries out of the Potomac River. In 1910, 1 500 acres of the land w as interchange to District of Columbia where it was intended to be converted to a prison. The local citizens opposed to the project and for this reason, in 1912, the land was transferred to the war Department. In 1915, the land was named live Belvoir where engineer troops from gird McNair, formerly called as Washington Barracks, conduct their teachs and became their rifle range. In 1917, the old name was changed to Camp A. A. Humphreys as a cooking camp for engineer troops for Word War I. The name was again changed to Fort Humphreys in 1922 and in 1935, post colonial era, it was permanently re-designated as Fort Belvoir. In 1938, the US government begins preparing for the possibility of being involved in enlarging world conflicts, at which time was the outbreak of World War II. In 1940, in that location was a massive influx of military trainees which prompted the government to purchase an additional 3 000 acres of land located north of U.S. Route 1. One training scheme is comp osed of an obstacle course which is a simulation of the field condition. With the war receding in 1945, activities of the Replacement Training Center and the Engineer ships officer Candidate School were aborted and were not reactivated until 1950 with the Korean Conflict and in 1960 with Vietnam build up. During those times, distinguishable transformations in the manner of training programs were determined. From training, technology through research and reading was incorporated in warfare. The transformation consisted of establishment of chemical/biological/radiological school on the North Post while a close trash range was formed south of the village of Accotink. The laboratories formulated and trialled new techniques for electrical power generation, camouflage and deception, methods of handling materials and fuel, bridging, and mine detection. Other experimentations also included take-away map copying machines, fungicides for use in tropical environments, and heavy earth-movin g equipment. One breakthrough in the field of research and development is the construction of SM-1 (Stationary, Medium Power, and commencement Prototype) Nuclear Plant. This was intended to provide commercial electricity and decrease the Department of Defenses dependency on fossil fuels. The SM-1 Plant was first apply on 1957 and its operations lasted for 16 years. For 30 years, from 1950 to 1980, the expansion of Fort Belvoir was witnessed. The post became

All Animals are Equal by Peter Singer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

All Animals be Equal by Peter Singer - Essay ExampleEveryone is different in many respects such as capacity, intelligence, body stamina yet all are considered equal in providing basic rights to them. The principle of the comparability essentially enforces equal treatment for all and with that perspective, he argues, why the same moral ideal is not extended further to include separate species of the planet. All species in this universe do not differ on the matter of suffering no matter how big or small they are. Then why gentlemans gentleman instill a different kind of treatment to them. If suffering is made the reason for consideration of equality among all species then the current moral principles of equality that limit equality to humans exactly are certainly neither sufficient in themselves nor devoid of human bias. The point is criteria of equality cannot apply only to humans but it is perfectly logical to extend it to other beings too who suffers due to actions of humans against them.Singer asserts Most human beings are speciesists (155) beca use of goods and services they make use of other species for eating. Though the argument is given is the nutritional needs but it has been sufficiently proved in the scientific realms that farm products such as soybeans and other milk products can meet human needs of proteins. Men use species just as means to meet their ends. The key reasons for consuming other species are attributed to human taste buds and this fact cannot be denied at all. Members of other species are treated most grotesquely as machines that transform grains into flesh.

Tangle wood Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tangle wood - Case Study ExampleThe club is a chain of retail stores that stocks various items that include home decor items, electronic appliances, and clothing. The companys target market consists of the upper class, middle class, and compensate the budget customers. According to Heneman et al., the company derives its competitive advantage from its outdoor theme and the large camping section in distributively store, and even the design concepts of each store (34). Since 1975 up to now, the company has witnessed tremendous growth that has enabled it to operate more than 240 stores located across the United States and this growth has equally been represented by an enlarge in the number of employees as well as the increased profitability of the company. This present case analysis of the Tanglewood Company will analyze the disorder worry that has being experienced in the company. Secondly, it will analyze how this problem might be tackled, the necessary actions that should be ta ken to solve the problem, and how the available options will be evaluated. Turnover at the Tanglewood stores The human resource department at an organization such as Tangelwood Company is mandated to undertake the task of hands retention or to ensure that employee turnover is at a minimum level. According to Heneman et al., workforce retention is mainly emphasized in order to reduce cost of continually hiring new workers and to ensure there is continuity in the organization. This is to say that turnover at the Tangleowood stores was a major problem that could possibly affect the quality of advantage at the stores, since staff had to be hired periodically and even before, they could master their roles well and even get to know the customers, they would leave the company. This high rate of turnover of staffs at the company meant that the store managers had to regularly use financial resources and valuable time to train the new staffs (43-45). Sims was of the view that an organizatio n, which has a high turnover of employees, is non financially sound or the management and in particular, the human resource management is poor and lacks proficiency. Therefore, a strategic human resource management at the Tanglewood Company would implement stamp down strategies to ensure that employees are comfortable in the work place and every aspect of the stores favors them, which will make them feel advance to continue working for the organization (121-125). Solving the turnover problem at Tanglewood Company It has been noted above that there needs to be implementation of appropriate strategies that will ensure staffs are encouraged to work at the Tanglewood stores for a longer duration. With reference to the writings by Sims, it is noted that one of the ways done which to lower employee turnover is by ensuring that the staffs have an opportunity to grow within the company and this is achieved by reserving promotion spots for the companys current workforce (93). This strate gy will encourage the current workforce to stay in the company as they await their chance to be promoted to the next level where the lucre and benefits would increase. Heneman et al. supported this strategy by stating that in most cases employees leave a company because of limited opportunities for growth and so they look for other companies that will enable them to grow in terms of their career and even enjoy better remuneration (56-58). The other related strategy is offering training programs to the staffs, which sharpen their skills as well as improve their competency level. Through human resource development, employees become more devoted to the company and they have a feeling that they owe the company, because of the training that it has been offered to them. The other strategic option for solving the turnove

Difficult time for the catholic church in USA Essay

Difficult time for the catholic church in USA - Essay ExampleA number of analysts have pointed out that the rationalness why the church is losing chase is because it has remained faithful to the Biblical concept of secular life which has seen it go against the new social norms in the contemporary society. Contemporary issues such as homosexuality, contraception, divorce, single parenthood and abortion have seen the church lose many followers. Others feel that the church has failed to adopt relevant religious strategies of preaching to fulfill the contemporary society. The teachings of the church must meet the social demands of the people in the society today. In fact, the reason why the Catholic church continues to lose its followers is because it has failed to adjust its teaching to suit the emerging demands of society. It is an indisputable fact that the Catholic church building has been hit by a follower crisis in the 21st light speed losing most of its members and priest. A ccording to the Week (2010, Para. 1), a US magazine, a National Catholic Reporter termed the Catholics loss of members as the largest national crisis in centuries. The US Catholic National reporter presented a statistical countdown of the loss that US alone has experienced since the year 1960. In a 2009 study, the church lost 400 guanine followers, 9 thousand priest and over 1000 parishes closed in 2008. Resultantly, over 3,400 churches are served by visiting priests as the population of priest freeze off to an insufficient figure. Currently, the catholic population adds up to the 1.1 billion which is much lower than the Muslim population which is now at 1.5 billion. On the other hand, the population of the Protestant churches is growing as more people consider the protestant believe as more concrete and satisfactory than the catholic believe. This kind of population redress of Catholic followers has sent signals to the catholic leaders, among them the Pope, to rethink on the rea son why the church is in a state of crisis. The reason why the Catholic Church continues to lose its followers seems to be a mystery that is yet to be unveiled. In a recent speech about the exodus from the Catholic Church, Pope Francis termed this trend as the the mystery of those who leave the church to express the worry of the church on the current crisis (Pullella, 2013, Para. 4). In his speech, he recognized the rent for the church to walk with the people and to address the social problems that the people are experiencing in the contemporary society. One reason he identified as a cause of the exodus is because the people feel that the church has remained rigid in implementing its own formulas (Para. 5). In a world that is changing, rigidity is the only thing that a church that addresses the problems of the people can afford. Pope Francis recognized that the church has to address the secular issues that are threatening the survival of the church to maintain the loyalty of the pe ople. The entailment of the statement of the Pope is that to a great extent the church has failed to conform to the societal needs, hence losing its followers to secularism. The emergence of controversial social issues has seen the Catholic Church lose more of its members. One of the social issues that have generated a lot of heat in the social spheres is same sex marriages that many people today see as a necessary right. Kissling (2013, Pp. 5-6) points out that the Catholic Chur

Presentation Essentials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Presentation Essentials - Essay ExampleTo featively achieve this, it is important for the speaker to believe in his/her message so that the listeners are convinced of what is being said. During the message, the speakers state of mind is translated to the viewers. Its also important that the speaker possesses personal credibility to earn the viewers respect. The speakers personality affects the situation and the audience directly. His/her enthusiasm, proficiency, predispositions and deliverance aside influencing the environment also have a direct effect on the viewers percussion of the message.The audience component refers to the people who will view the founding delivered by the speaker. The speaker must consider the audience element relevant in order to avoid the receivers of the massage being disconnected from the message. There must exist an effective relationship between the speaker and the audience, which is successfully created by conducting research most the audience. Thi s research should consider the audiences motivating factors, biases and enjoyments. Depending on the variation in each audience, the speaker must adjust the message air too enable listeners to relate to the message effectively (Lucas, 2009).Diverse approaches require to be taken depending on the audience the message is being delivered to. The audience at an informative speech is much more likely to have an open mind and ready to learn attitude whereas that at a persuasive show might previously have their own outlook on the topic. This might make it harder for the presenter to gain their trust.The situation is the grounds on which the speaker is delivering the presentation .it is vital since along with the presentation, the place to have it and how to set up the most effective situation from the speaker.Mr. Smith begins his presentation by introducing himself and what the presentation is all about He explains why the topic hes about

Use SOSTAC to prepare a strategy document on how Gold Reef City Assignment - 1

Use SOSTAC to prepargon a strategy document on how Gold Reef City (casino) could take the Rewards programme from a functional experience to an emotional experience - Assignment ExampleA lot of time and resources go into running a employment. Casinos, in particular, argon a very tricky business to venture into because they require constant scrutiny, and if the owners are not cautious enough, the business may go bankrupt. Individuals frequent casinos to wonder themselves while at the same time trying to make some money. Gambling is the primary activity that occurs within casinos and has brought both good and bad fortunes to the multitude who frequent casinos. Numerous numbers of people have lost billions of dollars in these casinos while quite a number of people have gained wealth from casinos. nigh unscrupulous dealers operate some casinos and fleece their customers of their hard-earned money. It is, therefore, important that the authorities investigate these casinos for malpract ice and fraud.The Gold Reef City Casino has to conduct a situation abridgment before it can commence its operations. A situation analysis is a collection of methods that the organizations management uses to analyze its influences to better understand the organizations capabilities, business environment and customers. A situation analysis consists of two areas namely micro and macroeconomics. Microeconomics refers to the study of business and individual decisions while macroeconomics refers to the study of higher decision makers, for example, the government. Macroeconomics looks at the external forces and factors that affect the business.The Gold Reef City casino has also conducted a situation analysis, and the recommendations were divided into two categories Micro and macroeconomics. The microeconomics include the new developments and upgrades that are well underway and the soon to be completed. The casino has invested in a new gaming area that is expected to bring in more customer s and thence more revenue. The incorporation of a new gaming system, which has

Smart Home For The Aged Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Smart Home For The Aged - Literature review ExampleThe present brilliant home designs have shifted their focus from automating the physical activities of the elderly to the disciplining of their minds. They have turned into persuasive agents that focus much of their attention on making the elderly self-sufficient from their home space. Smart homes for the elderly focus on the management of everyday activities. Even though efficient, the act of delegating the management of household tasks to intelligent technical agents is set to experience a few vulnerabilities.Population aging is a common issue affecting most parts of the world. In fact, the generation of mint aged 60 and in a higher place is expected to rise to surprising levels in the next few decades. The same age group makes up close to 11% of the total population in the world (Miller, 2012). The latest estimates indicate that over 22 percent of the population across the world volition constitute those above 60 years of age by 2050 (Harper, 2003).The extraordinary pattern of expected changes has elicited a lot of concern in various countries due to a number of reasons. One major reason is that the elderly generation produces and contributes little to the parsimony as compared to the working-age population. Thus, the rate of economic growth is expected to be decompress since a greater population will consist of the older generation. Another reason for alarm is that a greater segment of the population consisting of the elderly will require much support from the smaller percentage of adults who are economically active. Lastly, the elderly population will impose a huge burden on the economy due to their large number. The elderly need more medical care as compared to the younger generation and this can be expensive to the economy (Harper, 2003). However, the issue is of major concern to many countries across the world. The paper considers how the introduction of smart

Video game industry Essay Example for Free

Video game industry EssayWhenever I look erupt from my window at home, nothing but memories come back to me. When the time that me and my friends playing together with many kind of Filipino games like Patintero, Langit Lupa, Black123 and many more. I was about 7 years old when I was always want to go outside to play with my friends from morning up to afternoon.My only break was when my mommy calling me saying that were gonna eat our lunch so I need to come back home as soon as possible. When Im with my friends, my life has been always happier than when I am inside of our house. I really loved to be outside and play with my friends because it gives me fulfillment of my childhood life.As I commence aware that my street has become barren from children playing outside, those memories soon fade away into silence. The truth of the matter is that video games have touched the children who play them. Although video games have been quite influential on our generation, video games have had a lot of negative effects on the children of today.Children have become obsessed with video games. Since 1980s, the video game industry has expanded so oft in the market, it is only getting larger with the growth of technology. And although these games provide much entertainment, it does not come without a cost. Since the rise of video games, more children have become more obese, more violent and less social.

Mexican Culture Essay Example for Free

Mexican Culture EssayFood if one of the artistic identification of culture and tradition as it marks its progress from generation to generation, and history to history. Mexican cooking began with the arrival of humans in Mexico and as diverse cultures influence their cuisine, the tradition and cultural background of their menu have began to evolve. Mexican forage, as we know it today, has had its primary origin in the 16th century from the base of European plants and food products by Spanish conquerors. This tralatitious mix-up has provided modification in their cuisine, which is currently evident in the Mexican food tradition.Aside from its pretty delicacy and characteristics, Mexican food provides therapeutic function and use comm sole(prenominal) in homemade treatment proceedings. The herbs and ingredients in the Mexican food atomic payoff 18 the get a line points for the provision of therapeutic action. Mexican herbs are unique in their suffer way. The characterist ic of these herbs are the essential contributing factor for this therapy to be possible. In the configuration of our discussion, the Mexican culture, evidently in terms of food- wine and restaurants, sh every last(predicate) be the primary focus of the study.The involvements of wine and food, in the sense of therapeutic action, as the primary conventional influence shall be elaborated and defined in the study. The influence of food and herbs in Mexican traditional therapy shall be in addition tackled in the course of discussion. Lastly, we shall search the San Francisco California Bay and the Mexican celebration of Cinco de mayonnaise. The Mexican culture possesses a heritage in every unique aspect that greatly denounces its aesthetic value. home or Traditional Therapies Food and Herbs The Mexican traditions are composed of exquisite herbs and ingredients that provide therapeutic set up.The traditional home of Mexicans possesses no or less oft refrigerating facility, supplie s designed for classical lifestyle, and tradition rich in practical home-therapies hence, they are more accustomed in their traditional therapeutic intervention utilizing their internal sources. In fact, Mexican possesses evident indulgence in their traditions that they prefer to have their food, and other home condiments in essential estate or made from nature-oriented proceeding. This greatly improves their health conditions, and provides them with practical source of therapeutic interventions.The basic feature of Mexican foods is its unique way of expressing its spiciness and traditional aroma. One of the spices that provide therapeutic effects in the body is the Capsaicin, which is a primary constituent of peppers much(prenominal) as the jalapeno and the habanero. Capsaicin has several uses, including use in personal defense sprays and as to tranquillize arthritis pain. When first applied to skin, capsaicin causes local heating and irritation. However, after repeated use, t he area becomes desensitized to pain without loss of the sense of touch (Fox Whitesell, 1997 p.550). Capsaicin pepper has been found to work as an anticoagulant, thus possibly helping to prevent heart attacks or strokes caused by the formation of clots in blood vessels. It also stimulates the production of endorphins, which is the bodys natural painkillers, and kills the stomach bacterium known to cause ulcers. Another pepper is the Cayene, which is an important constituent of Mexican hot sauce. Cayene adds the spicy zip to umpteen ethnic foods, such as Thai and Mexican food, and can be used in marinades and barbecue sauces.This pepper is rich in vitamin C, A, B-complex, E and other minerals (Balch, p. 147 2003). Another food ingredient of Mexican foods that possesses therapeutic aid is the pumpkin seeds. The seeds from the pumpkin, also known as pepitas, are popular ingredient in Mexican dishes, and are lendable with or without their shells. This pepitas provide essential means of treating constipation due to its fiber content. Moreover, it is blended with Mexican traditional recipes such as burittos or Nachos, not only to provide exquisite taste but also to institute unique flavoring.These pepitas are high in calories and insoluble fibers, which help chiefly in bring on in digestive tract thereby facilitating decrease of occurrence of constipation (Gilbert, 2000 p. 178). In terms of Mexican wine, it provides unique blends of tradition served in stemmed glasses. wine-coloured is the usual pair of Mexican foods in order to suit the spiciness of the dishes. Mexican wine classifications possess the usual red and white wine, which are primarily obtained from fruits mixed with spices. The northern end of Baja California is one of the places in Mexico that is known to brew wine at its best (Dumois, n.d). Citizens of Mazahua and Otoml spirit in Central Mexico suck pulque from childhood, because of both its nutritional properties and scarcity of water. Pulque is an alcoholic beverage obtained from maguey, which composes primarily of complex fruit sugars (Peele Grant, 1999 p. 93). Wine quickens the pulse, raises the spirits, and prophylactic against disease and as a dietetic aid. It is also used as medicine in acute and chronic diseases. Wine is proven good for cardiovascular system, especially in reducing risks of arteriosclerosis or other cardiovascular-degenerative disorders.Food Herbs Mexican Traditions Mexican diet of today is rich in a bod of foods and dishes that represent a blend of pre-Columbian, Spanish, French, and more recently, American culture. The typical Mexican diet is rich in complex carbohydrates, provided mainly by corn and corn products, beans, rice, and breads, The typical Mexican diet contains an adequate fare of protein in the forms of beans, eggs, fish and shellfish, and a variety of meats, including beef, pork, poultry, and goat. Because of the extensive use of frying as a cooking method, the Mexican diet is also high in fat.The nutrients most likely to be inadequately provided are calcium, iron, vitamin A, folic acid and vitamin C (Spark, 2007 p. 258). In many cultures, food has symbolic meanings related to family traditions, social status, and even health. Indeed, many folk remedies rely on food. Some of these have gained wide acceptance, such as the use of spices and herbal tea tea teas for purposes ranging from allaying anxiety to preventing cancer and heart disease. Mexicans use these herbal teas as dietary or reducing drinks to induce further or hasten metabolism as well as digestive functions.In fact, herbal teas are healthy enough that the old Mexican traditions practice its drinking almost everyday. This tea is composed of basic Mexican herbs, such as cinnamon, parsely, etcetera , and blended with intrinsic Mexican spices hence, well-nigh of their teas are blended with mild spiciness (Insel etal, 2004 p. 9). The traditional Mexican diet is rich in sweet-flavored vegetables, which are generally used only when in season. The spices used in Mexican cooking are common to many cuisines, and yet, there are a number of seasonings that are unique to Mexican food.Chile peppers are used as a dry spice as well as a fresh ingredient. There are many types, with the most common being ancho, habenero, jalapeno, New Mexican green, New Mexican Red, poblano and Serrano. These peppers range from mild, like poblano, to the extremely hot habanero. another(prenominal) herbs and spices that flavor Mexican cuisine are anise, cilantro, cinnamon, clove, cumin, garlic, marjoram, Mexican oregano and thyme. The herbs and spices, particularly the Mexican oregano and chilli peppers, are used in various ceremonies and traditional celebrations.The chilli peppers are given to tests the spice tolerance of participants during fiestas. Oregano, on the other hand, is believed by locals to alleviate various diseases and administered via its boiled leaves. Oregano is another traditional Me xican her that cures fever, cough and colds, sore throat problems and sometimes used to treat bruises, insect bites and mild pruritic or fungal infection when used in topical facility (Koeller La France, 2005 p. 222). Another Mexican herb that provides utmost therapeutic effects is Ginger, which is technically a rhizome or underground stem.This is used in variety of meals ranging from simple porridge to complex traditional meal. Mexican ginger is good at alleviating gastrointestinal tract symptoms, such as motion sickness, gastric musculature or tachygastria and gastric immobility. It is usually prescribed by the locals for treating hyperacidity, and abdominal pains related to acidic conditions. Moreover, ginger is also used to treat conditions involving throat spasms by carrying into action as a throat relaxant and relieving throat irritation (Koeller La France, 2005 p.222). Mexican culture and tradition involves variety of herbs that are, basically, the ingredients of most of their traditional meal such as the ever-famous burritos and nachos, and the wines and teas provide therapeutic benefits as well. San Francisco California Bay The Mexican American population is evidently present in the San Francisco California Bay area. From the San Franciscos missionary post District to San Jose, Chicanos possesses the highest population index, ranging from 65% to 80% of the residents, in the San Francisco Bay Area.Mexican immigrants feel at home in these areas already even if they are living with American citizens. However, population project is one major problem occurring at this point. Demographic studies predict that the greatest population growth rates of Mexican immigrants ordain be from the influx of undocumented respective(prenominal)s. Mexican immigrants are also expected to have high fertility rates, creating a younger generation of American-born children whose immigrant parents make an at risk population (Gilbert, 2000 p. 178).Cinco de whitethorno and Mexican Restaurants Talking now about the famous Mexican restaurants found in the area, Cinco de Mayo Taqueria is the starting point of discussion. The send for of Cinco de Mayo meand 5th day of May in Spanish, and denotes a regional celebration or holiday. Although this is not an obligatory holiday, there are lots of individual going and participating in this one time per year celebration. Cinco de Mayo, or May 5, commemorates the Mexican victory over the French army at The involvement Of Puebla in 1862.It is not, as many pile think, Mexicos Independence Day, which is actually Sept. 16. During this Cinco de Mayo, many people are turning to tequila and cerveza, Spanish for beer, to celebrate another holiday that for some means nothing more than another excuse to drink exorbitant amounts of alcohol. Commonly misinterpreted as Mexicos Independence Day, Cinco de Mayos meaning has been clouded by partying. In Mexico, Cinco de Mayo is celebrated throughout the country, especially in t he state of Puebla and in Mexico City.Military parades complete with marching bands and traditional music, pay tribute to all the soldiers, civilians and heroes who gave their lives for their country. The celebration lasts all day, with food, dancing, mariachi bands, laughter and fellowship (McClenahan, 2005). Ironically, celebrations of Cinco de Mayo are more widespread and elaborate in the United States. Mexican American communities in states such as Texas, California, and genus Arizona celebrate this occasion with parades, fairs, marchias, folkloric dance, and the best of all is the Mexican cuisines (McClenahan, 2005).Moreover, Cinco de Mayo of 1989 illustrates how women worked to bridge ethnic and racial groups in a public way while expressing their own identities. Cinco de Mayo is an ethnic festival, which is the same as St. Patricks Day, that has transcended ethnic barriers. The Mexican community and even other ethnic diversion from different places and culture stack up in th is party. In the United States, Cinco de Mayo is a major cultural festival, wherever significant numbers of people boast Mexican descent.Throughout the Southwest, people of all ethnicities gather to eat Mexican food and drink Mexican beer, wine and other alcoholic beverages (McClenahan, 2005). People from other ethnic origins join this broad festivity every year and celebrate the Mexican culture. The basic interest of other ethnic groups in joining this celebration is rarely due to historical reasons, but most of the time, to celebrate the exquisite characteristics and features of Mexican culture.Reference Balch, P. A. (2003). Prescription for Dietary Wellness. Avery. Dumois, L. (n.d. ). INSIDE MEXICO THE SERIES THE SPIRIT OF WINE.Retrieved November 11, 2007, from http//www. mexconnect. com/mex_/travel/ldumois/ldcwine1. html Fox, M. , Whitesell, J. K. (1997). Organic Chemistry. Jones and bartlett pear Publishers. Gilbert, M. N. (2000). Virtues of Soy A Practical Health Guide and Cookbook. Upublish. com. Insel et. al, P. M. (2004). Nutrition. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Koeller, K. , La France, R. (2005). Lets Eat Out Your Passport to Living Gluten and Allergy Free. R R Publishing. McClenahan, B. (2005, May 5).Oregon students celebrate Cinco de Mayo. University Wire, (n. d. ). Central Mexican Culture. Retrieved November 11, 2007, from Colibri http//www. colibrimexicanbistro. com/ (n. d. ). Mamacita. Retrieved November 11, 2007, from Mamacita http//www. mamacitasf. com/ (n. d. ). Tres Agaves. Retrieved November 11, 2007, from Tres Agaves http//www. tresagaves. com/about. html Peele, S. , Grant, M. (1999). Alcohol and Pleasure A Health Perspective. Psychology Press. Spark, A. (2007). Nutrition in Public Health Principles, Policies, and Practice. CRC Press.

A Semiotic Analysis of a Newspaper Story Essay Example for Free

A Semiotic Analysis of a Newspaper Story EssayA crystal clear place to start may be to ask what is discussion? Professor Jonathan Bignell suggests that news is not just facts, but representations produced in language and other signs standardised flicks. The newspaper publisher is just one medium of news communication other media include television, radio, magazines, and the Internet. We leave behind concentrate on a extra news full stop as covered in three distinguishable British daily newspapers, namely The Sun, The wire, and The Times. The recital which is being covered is that of the closing of a female constabulary policeman who was stabbed by a man whilst she was on duty. The medium of the newspaper is particularly interesting as signifiers be presented simultaneously thus offering a concrete display of signs which the reader can consume at their own pace and can also be re-read, as opposed to television or radio news which can only be watched or listened to a t particular times.The process of selection is central to the production of all newspapers. This involves selecting events which are considered to be worthy of being printed as news, and excluding news which is considered to be irrelevant, in world-shattering or unworthy of news coverage. Thus news is a social construct interdependent on what is deemed to be important by those who work in the news industry based on certain codes of behaviour which have been learned by news workers in order to do their job. The codes of behaviour which have been learnt by news workers undoubtedly depend on the particular newspaper for which they are working.It could be suggested that in British society most(prenominal) adults would be aware of the conventions of different newspapers. We will attempt to examine the types of sign systems within which a particular news story is encoded in a selection of newspapers, and how these different sign systems may affect meaning. It is clear when looking at at The Sun, The wire, and The Times articles, which were all published on Saturday, April 18th, 1998 that each newspaper attaches significance to different news items. This is made clear by looking at the front pages of each newspaper, with The Suns primary(prenominal) front page story concentrating on the relationship of Patsy Kensit and Liam Gallagher, compared to The Telegraphs main story which concentrates on a shake-up of scientific committees that advise government ministers on food safeguard and The Times main front page story which covers the story of the new National Lottery Big Ticket show which is facing the BBC axe.Although we will not be concentrating on the comparison of the front pages of the newspapers in this term paper, these examples demonstrate how drastically the different newspapers differ in what constitutes front-page news. The examples also demonstrate the interpretation of newspaper conventions, as we analyse the stories which are considered to be the intended main news of the front-page. As can be seen with the front page of The Sun the main story is clear as it dominates most of the available space on the front-page.However, with the other newspapers the distinction is not quite as clear. The main criteria when deciding on which was the main story of the front-pages of The Telegraph and The Times was the size of the typeface of the headline. This emphasises that the reader comes to the newspaper with a set of codes with which to decode the text, and these codes may differ from individual to individual. This leads to the auspicate that the text is open to a variety of interpretations depending on the ideological standpoint of the reader, and whether the reader is familiar with the newspaper and the codes which. it employs to communicate the news which it has selected.Connotations of the linguistic and visual signs which are presented by newspapers are central to the meaning of the news item to the reader. The connotations of t he news item are perceived within a coded framework and there are recognisable codes within different newspapers. It is clear that different newspapers role particular narrative codes when representing the equivalent item of news. This can be seen in the three headlines which hit to the particular news item which I have chosen to examine. The Sun headline states SCANDAL OF PSYCHO FREED TO KILL HERO COP NINN, The Telegraph WPc was knifed to death after removing armour, and The Times WPc paid with her life for dedication to duty. apiece of these narrative codes used in the headlines instantly put up a framework on which to build the meaning of the news item. The headlines are linguistic syntagms which aim to attract the attention of the reader to the topic of the news story, and the linguistic signs which are assiduous in the headline suggest to the reader the appropriate codes which are needed to understand or decode the news item.It is clear that the newspapers use different linguistic codes as a means of representing the news item. The Times and The Telegraph are similar in their use of language. However, both differ dramatically with The Sun. It is clear that The Sun uses orally based vocabulary, and dramatic and sensational language. This can be seen in the first sentence of the news item, which reads A. violent cop-hating nut killed brave WPC Nina Mackay after a harmful catalogue of blunders by Crown prosecutors and police allowed him to roam free. The article also employs alliteration for emphasis , as in catastrophic catalogue and scandal of psychotic person. The linguistic codes of the news item certainly connote speech which in turn connotes familiarity, informality, and camaraderie.The article also implies familiarity with the victim (We Nina Mackay) who is referred to throughout as Nina where as a distance is created between the reader and the offender who is referred to throughout by his surname, Elgizouli. This code of familiarity is s ignificantly different to that which is employed by The Telegraph and The Times who refer to the victim either in her professional capacity (WPc Nina Mackay) or by her full name. However, it is perhaps significant that the offender is referred to by his surname in all of the different representations of the news items. This strategy of distancing the reader from the criminal is blatantly employed by all three of the newspapers, clearly suggesting that the preferred reading of the texts should involve no reason with the offender.Another drastic difference between the newspaper representations of the news item are the typographic devices used to break up the text. Again, The Sun differs dramatically to The Telegraph and The Times using bold text to start the article, serving to extend the role of the headline in attracting the attention of the reader to the topic of the news story. The use of bold and one word sub-headings which are employed throughout the text serve to direct the re ader in making meaning of the text and ground blatantly obvious the points which the newspaper deem to be of particular significance to the understanding of the news item. The Telegraph and The Times do not employ the same typographic codes as The Sun, apart from bold type which is used for the headline, and the bold type used to name the journalist/s of the article.The narrative of the news story uses the same type and size of font throughout the item. Arguably, this connotes authority and formality to the reader which is also demonstrated by the fairly long sentences, the correct spellings and the escape of colloquial language such as cop which is used in The Sun. This perhaps implies that the quality press such as The Times and The Telegraph provide better news than tabloids such as The Sun. However, this kind of value judgement is inappropriate as both types of newspaper are constructions of the news with the quality newspapers aiming to connote authority and formality and the popular tabloids aiming to connote an attitude of telling it how it is. Thus both types of representation of the news items present mythic meanings.Linguistic and typographic codes are not the only codes employed in news discourse. Graphic codes must also be considered. The photographs used in the press have also undergone a process of selection. One image will be chosen over another as it connotes a message that the selectors of the photograph want to communicate. Barthes (cited in Bagnell, 197798) suggests that the newspaper photograph is an object that has been worked on, chosen, composed, constructed, treated according to professional, aesthetic or ideological norms which are so many factors of connotation. The treatment of photographs which is referred to by Barthes can be seen in the different newspapers which I have chosen. Interestingly, each version of the news item has used the same photographs, but treated them differently according to the required connotation. Each repr esentation uses the same shew of the victim in her police uniform looking directly at the camera, and the same picture of the offender looking trifling and away from the camera.Again, The Times and The Telegraph use similar codes, and The Sun employs a drastically different strategy despite using the same original photographs. The most drastic difference is that The Sun presents the photographs in colour, connoting originalism and the dangerousness of the offender. This is also connoted by the size of the photographs, with the graphic representation dominating a large proportion of the boilers suit available space on the page, which is another drastic difference between The Suns representation of the news item and the other two newspapers. Despite these major differences it is significant that the newspapers have all used the same photographs, and it is interesting to look at why these particular photographs might have been chosen.Paradigmatically, photographs involve connotatio ns, and thus the significance of the particular photographs which have been chosen can be seen more than clearly when considering what other paradigmatic connotations might have appeared in their place. For example the connotations of the picture of the police officer would change considerably if she was not in uniform. Likewise, the connotations of the picture would change if the offender was looking directly at the camera and smiling, instead he is pictured looking away from the camera with a blank expression, connoting lack of emotion.The contrasted pairs which seem to be involved in the paradigms are innocence and guilt, justice and injustice. These contrasted pairs are made more clear by the way in which the meanings of the photographs are anchored in a small amount of text beneath the photographs. The Times offers its own contrasted pair in the text beneath the pictures, namely killer and killed. As Bignell (199799) suggests, the caption underneath the picture enables the rea der to load down the image with particular cultural meanings and the photograph functions as the proof that the texts message is true. The pictures are also shown in different contexts in the three newspapers with The Sun using a different strategy to The Telegraph and The Times.The Telegraph and The Times use similar sized pictures of the individuals involved. In The Sun the size of the photographs of the individuals differ considerably with the killer being represented as significantly bigger than the killed. Also, the photograph of the police officer is presented in a photograph-like frame connoting sentimentality, and elevating her position in comparison to the killer. This emotionalism is carried over into the other picture which The Sun represents which shows the coffin of the police officer being carried by her colleagues. This is a cultural sign which most readers will be able to relate to, and connotes sympathy, tragedy and injustice.This discussion of several newspapers r epresentations of the same news item show how semiotic analysis can determine the meanings of such news items, as a exit of the linguistic and visual signs used within the texts. However, semiotic analysis cannot determine how an individual reader might interpret the representations of the news items in a real social context. Semiotic analysis does offer an insight into the factors at work in the production of a news item and distinguishes the various codes which are employed by different types of newspaper when representing a particular news item.

Crime and Punishment | Character Analysis

Crime and Punishment Character analysisIn the invigorated Crime and Punishment, the author Fyodor Dostoevsky creates a character in Raskolnikov who is plagued with dueling personalities. One side of Raskolnikov is caring and sensitive, often sharing what little money he has with separates, art object the other side is dark and in divergent, eventually leading him to commit the murders of a pawnbroker and her sister. These personalities create an inner- set asideing that progressively grows worse and drives Raskolnikov insane until he is forced to confess his act.Dostoevsky introduces the conflict within Raskolnikov too soon in the first chapter. Raskolnikov is contemplating about mysterious thing that is not announced to the reader and simply referred to as that. In his sense, he continuously goes backward and forth oer whether he is real thinking of doing that or if it is further a thought going around in his head. As he is finish his thoughts, he attempts to shake of f whatalways that is by telling himself, It is not that serious at all. Its simply a fantasy to amuse myself a plaything, b arly after a short moment he ends with, Yes, maybe it is a plaything, (Dostoevsky, pg. 2). In this quotation the maybe allows a reader to assume that Raskolnikov may, in fact, be considering this thing. The conversation Raskolnikov holds with his self, as he goes back and forth over this issue, shows that he his pass is conflicted. This thought so early in the novel lets us externalize Raskolnikov is already thinking to himself but is not even sure of his own thoughts. Such indecision over what it now an unmentioned matter sets the tone for this inner-conflict that he struggles with passim the novel and that nearly consumes him.When the truth of what that is comes out, readers grasp the extremity of the inner-dual of Raskolnikov. That, the murder of an innocent woman, is something truly unimaginable by, what society considers, a rational person. Raskolnikov is endlessly at odds with whether or not this is just an idea formed in his head or if he is willing to commit such an act. In a breathing in he sees the brutal torture of a horse, which leads to its death. After the dream Raskolnikov wonders how he could even contemplate murder and cursed the thought of it saying, My God Anyway I couldnt bring myself to do it I couldnt do it, I couldnt do it (Dostoevsky, pg. 54). Such adamant renouncement of the act is suddenly and intimately altered as he strolls upon a conversation where he discovers that Alyona Ivanova, the woman he is thinking of murdering, will be home alone at a certain time. Raskolnikov sees this as emergency and completely forgetting about his dream once again alters his mindset and decides to commit the disgust. The plot thickens and the clash continues inside the mind of Raskolnikov, as what was once just a plaything grows into a reality.Throughout the novel the reader is able to see the tremendous numerate of uns upported pridefulness Raskolnikov holds for himself. Although he lives in what come alongs to be a slum in St. Petersburg, does not pay his rent, and he has recently dropped out of school, he believes that he is better than those around him. In spite of the level of pride he possesses he is still content to leave his house dressed as though he has no regard for his appearance. With that said, in explaining an article that he wrote, he says,I simply hinted that an extraordinary man has the rightthat is not an official right, but an inner right to decide in his own conscience to overstepcertain obstacles, and only in case it is essential for the practical fulfilment of his idea,(Dostoevsky, pg. 226)whatever that idea may be. He feels that he is so brilliant to others that he even has the right to take the life of another human being, though he adds, sometimes, perhaps, of benefit to the whole of humanity, (Dostoevsky, pg. 226). He attempts to validate his point by saying that it i s more reasonable for a superior being to break the law when the act benefits all of society. This allows the reader to see that his mind is clearly conf employ up. He believes that he is superior, though he does nothing to prove it. His sole claim to fame is this article that was published in a newspaper and that does not terminate his sigcharacter, only his initials.One of the most significant views of Raskolnikovs dueling personalities can be seen by means of his interaction with others. The moral-psychological traits of his character incorporate this antinomy between instinctive kindness, sympathy, and pity (Unkown). Theses ar the spoken communication of a law student who explains that when acting on instinct Raskolnikov is kind, sympathetic and has pity for others. While he can often be extremely clement for those around him his admitted feeling of superiority over others leads him to the mis manipulation of them as well as his delusional ideal mentioned in his article O n Crime. The compassion he shows is a great deal counteracted, because after performing an act of kindness Raskolnikov is often upset at himself for doing the deed. What a stupid thing Ive done, they have Sonia and I want it myself, (Dostoevsky, pg. 23) Raskolnikov says this after he leaves some money, which he does not have much of, for a friend and his poor family. This shows his feeling of affliction for doing what is clearly a practised deed. Later, he shows distress after protecting a drunken young girl who is being pursued by an older man. The fact that Raskolnikov is not able to make what he sees as quality decisions in spur of the moment situations can be attributed to the confusion at play in his mind and the insanity it is causing. His personality is eternally at odds and Dostoevsky uses the continual shifting in his characters head to show this. Raskolnikovs idea that he is superior is disproved not by his actions but by the regret he has for making decisions that se em to be rational.In the weeks following Raskolnikovs crime his mental condition deteriorates even more. After many another(prenominal) long time of sick cessation he is surrounded by many of the throng he knows and some he does not know. Raskolnikov finds that he actually feels he is wrong for what he did. The conflict in his head shifts from the decision of whether or not to take the life of the pawnbroker, to whether or not he should confess to his crime. However, Raskolnikovs beliefs atomic number 18 to a lower placemined by the criminality and unsoundness he experiences after the murder, creating a split in which he desires to alleviate his guilt and to a fault desires to affirm himself as extraordinary, (TheDoctor). This new split in his mind grows out of the original conflict. His guilt is something that is not completely shown, but it is present. Raskolnikov believes, even as a convict in a Siberian labor camp, that his crime would have been something understandable had not the pawnbrokers innocent sister walked in and seen him. Raskolnikovs guilt grows due to those he is closest to. Sonia encourages Raskolnikov to confess his crime because it is the only way he could be redeemed. Even with the one he loves most telling him to confess, Raskolnikovs pride is still present and he possesses a need to prove that he is truly a superior being. With all these desires going on in his head Raskolnikov does not know how to swallow his pride and accept that the only way he can exist is through repentance.In his insanity Raskolnikov is driven to do many fanatical things as he abandons his sister, mother, and best friend, and nearly lets the truth, that he committed the murders, slip out. He is once again sacrificed from everyone, except Sonia. The blood between Raskolnikov and Sonia grows strong and he learns to trust her. In the books final scene Raskolnikov finds himself in a state of near delirium at the police station, and he confesses his crime, (U nknown). This quotation explains Raskolnikovs mental condition as the story is coming near to a close. Raskolnikov is so taken by his insanity that he wonders through the city in an attempt to publicly confess. He is so horrified by the throng that he cannot bring himself to do the confession publicly. His mind could barely function as he walked into the police station where he would finally declare his guilt and own up to his crime. When he hears of the suicide of someone he knows he becomes so conf apply that he walks out of the police station. His mind is now so weak that he can be sidetracked easily. He reenters the station when he sees Sonia, the one who has finally convinced him to confess. It seems as though she has to actually control his mind in the final scenes in order for him to have enough strength to confess.Crime and Punishment, as a novel, contains many ideas of the author Fyodor Dostoevsky. Nearly everything in the book revolves around his character Raskolnikov. Ra skolnikovs inner-struggle accounts for a majority of the novel. From his love for his family, to his devotion to his friends, and even his willingness to risk his life for strangers, he can be considered good. Due to his selfishness and pride, which he allows to alienate him from society, he may be considered just the opposite. When these multiple personalities tittup with the ideals he has created during his extended periods of separation from others, it elementrates a man whose mind is torn into many directions. Raskolnikov is unavailing to choose his own direction and allows chance to control his actions. He is close to going completely insane and he probably would have if not for the relationship formed with Sonia in which she takes the place of chance and guides Raskolnikov in the direction of redemption.Impact of Television The Kennedy Nixon DebatesImpact of Television The Kennedy Nixon DebatesWhy were the Kennedy-Nixon debates in 1960 so important for the policy-making in fluence of American television receiver?IntroductionThe debates between John Kennedy and Richard Nixon in the last days of the 1960 presidential play have become both far-famed (in the American publics imagination) and influential (in determining the nature of subsequent semipolitical campaigns, not only in America but in other western democracies as well). These debates were watched by more than 70 million viewers in America (and millions more listened on the radio). However, before the start of the campaign, it was by no means clear that Kennedy would win. At the beginning of 1960, President Eisenhower was still a popular prospect, and would have won had he been allowed by the constitution to stand for a third term. Lyndon Johnson had a regionalised support based in the South, Kennedy seemed far too young and naive, and Vice-President Nixon did not have the confidence of the electorate.1 These television debates (the first time that a presidential debate had been televised ) were on that pointfore polar in winning the election for John Kennedy, and for securing the defeat of Nixon, though the television (and the word-painting created from being on television) had never before played such a pivotal role in an election campaign. How did this come about?Television as crucial to Kennedys campaignKennedy formalised his declaration for the presidency on 2nd January 1960, which some professional politicians felt was too early to begin a presidential campaign. Kennedy realised that he had a problem, but he was forced both by his own inexperience (he needed more time to prove himself) and by the hostility he faced from senior members of the Democrat party. In order to stand any change of being nominated, Kennedy needed to make his campaign open and public, and importantly, to use television to create a good public image, to attract the public, and to excite the voters by presenting himself as the candidate best qualified to take America forward into this b right new era, embodied by hope and optimism.2 Kennedy also had to overcome several problems that would have had a hugely negative impact on his public image he suffered from chronic poor health and he was promiscuous, patronage his prominent and public marriage to Jacqueline Bouvier in 1953 at a society wedding in Newport, Rhode Island, in front of a crowd of 3,000. It is notable that Kennedy managed to keep this aspect of his personal life quiet only because the media paid no attention the hole-and-corner(a) lives of those in office, but this was in 1960, and before Kennedy was about to remake politicians as television celebrities. Kennedy managed both to overcome these detractors to his image, and to create a positive image despite others criticisms of his aptitude to hold office, by appealing straight to voters, via the new mass media technology of television and television marketing this was a remaking of American politics.3The forte is the messageIt is the nature of the me dium of television, with its combination of visual and audio clues, and its instant, mass communication, that a great many people can come to an instant head of a candidate based not only on what he says, but also on how he says it. The first presidential debate was tell all three subsequent debates were based upon the Kennedys initial television success. It is interesting to compare the television with the radio debate for an example of how influential the television debate was, and for how it would secure the primacy of the medium of television over radio, something which has not yet been changed in the modern age of political electioneering. Radio listeners rated Nixon the victor in these debates, while television viewers believed that Kennedy had won. If there was such a clear difference between views on different media, wherefore it must be the case that the nature of the media is the explanation. On television, viewers could see a Kennedy who was well-dressed, handsome and articulate (in other words, a political celebrity) against a poorly presented and badly dressed Nixon. Neither candidate had in actual fact any great difference between them in terms of their political policies Kennedy was just incredibly successful at emphasising his dynamism, youth, nix and optimism, in other words, a triumph of style over political substance. The voter turn-out of the election shows just how good Kennedy was at stimulation the interest of the electorate via his good image-presentation. The turn-out (in terms of percentage of adults of voting age casting votes) was the highest it had ever been in the history of American politics, especially among African American voters, whose vote Kennedy had managed to secure by his high-profile association with the civil rights movement.4President as celebrity the cerebrate on imageThe television debates greatly advanced the popular image of Kennedy. For example, many people had thought that Kennedy was too young (he was the first American president to take office born in the 20th century, at age 43)5 and too inexperienced to take office. This would have been a serious criticism of the would-be president, and in fact, this was only dispelled by his appearance on television, something that Kennedy himself later admitted We wouldnt have had a prayer without that gadget.6 He came across as cool, calm and collected, with poise and knowledge enough to endure the responsibility of holding presidential office.7 It was these presidential debates in 1960 that really propelled Kennedy to power, on the back of the positive public image he had generated. In fact, so successful was the careful management of presidential appearance on television, that the image of Kennedy as youthful, dynamic, optimistic and able to seize the moment was never lost after his election to office. Instead, Kennedy went on to embody the nascent optimism and expectancy of early 1960s America (and the image of Kennedy as glorious and heroic was established all the more firmly by his assassination on 22nd November, 1963).8 This was a time when great social plans and movements could be won (the civil rights movement), a time when new frontiers were being expanded and explored (the space race) and a time when many dreamt of increased affluence and economic prosperity.9The lesson learntNo one more than failed presidential candidate Nixon was aware of how important creating a positive image on television (and radio) was Looking back on all four of them, television debates there can be no question but that Kennedy had gained more from the debates than I.10 It is clear that these television debates were crucial for securing electoral success Nixon failed to win the presidential campaign in 1960, and he attributed this directly to the way his image was managed (especially on television) I recognized the basic mistakes I had made. I had concentrated too much on substance and not enough on appearance.11 Nixon never made that mi stake again. In 1968, when he again ran for president, he made sure that his appearances on television were closely controlled and timed, in order to appear cool, calm, and collected in other words, just as Kennedy had so successfully appeared in 1960. It worked. Nixon became president in 1968, though he often tried to deny that he was one of the first presidents to realise that image (most easily communicated via the mass media of TV) was crucial to electoral and thence political success I dont nettle about polls. I dont worry about imagesI never have.12 This, of course, was not true. Nixon expended a great deal of energy into maintaining a good public image,13 something which no president had done to sort of the extent before, and something which has also set a precedent for all subsequent western political campaigns they have learnt Nixons 1960 presidential lesson never ignore the greatness of appearing well on television.ConclusionBy looking at the Kennedy-Nixon debates of 1 960, we can see that they were important because they set the precedent of television having an enormous political influence, in terms of setting up and disseminating an instant and successful public image. The lesson of the importance and influence of television is one that no candidate for office has ever been able to ignore, either in America or wherever television has a widespread hold on mass-media communications.BibliographyBarnouw, E., The Image Empire (New York, Oxford University Press, 1972)Havel, J.T., US presidential Candidates and the Elections A Biographical and Historical Guide (New York, Simon Schuster Macmillan, 1996)Nixon, R.M., Six Crises (London, W.H.Allen, 1962)Paper, L.J., The Promise and the Performance The Leadership of John. F.Kennedy (New York, Crown Publishers Inc., 1975)Rorabaugh, W.J., Kennedy and the Promise of the Sixties (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2002)1Footnotes1 Rorabaugh, 2002, 6.2 ibid., 2002, 7.3 ibid., 2002, 13.4 Rorabaugh, 2002, 17 .5 Havel, 1996, 318.6 Barnouw, 1972, 169.7 Paper, 1975, 300-301.8 Havel, 1996, 318.9 Rorabaugh, 2002, x.10 Nixon, 1962, 384.11 ibid., 36612 From a rare discourse with Nixon conducted by Barbara Walters in March 1971 on the Today programme on NBC television.13 For example, the highly stage-managed presidential visit to China in 1972, in which Nixon was concerned to shanghai upon the electorates mind the image of a presidential diplomat, succeeding in establishing good relations with a country who had been an outspoken critic of America for over 20 years. He did this, of course, via a carefully controlled media campaign, which often seemed like a campaign for some new consumer item.Genotyping ApoE Variants For Early diagnosing of emissionGenotyping ApoE Variants For Early Diagnosis of foreNeven AbushabanGenotyping ApoE variantsPredictor of rare cancer in young adultsAccording to Yamashiro (2017), The rare ApoE connect cancer (ARC) occurs in mostly in young adults with 80% of all cases being in people between the ages of 20-30 years old. ARC is unbiased to gender and there is evidence that it is a hereditary unhealthiness conjugated to the inheritance of eight variants of the gene Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), that are spread out through the gene, including two that are in intronic successions. These allelomorphs seem to be recessive with some of them that when they are recessive homozygotes being strong predictors of ARC. It was also sometimes found that when there is heterozygosity of two recessive ApoE alleles, one being ApoE4, can act as recessive homozygotes. However, ApoE4 has the weakest association with cancer at less than 2%, but when another ApoE allele is present the ApoE4 allele pairs as a normal ApoE gene (Yamashiro, 2017a).The ApoE gene encodes for the apolipoprotein E which combines with fats in the body to form lipoproteins (US National Library of Medicine, 2017). The ApoE lipoproteins are responsible for maintaining normal cholesterol levels in the bloodstream and the brain by transporting cholesterol and other fats in the bloodstream and assisting deposition of amyloids and the clearing of deposits from the parenchyma of the brain (Garg Roth, 2015). The allele ApoE4 has the weakest link to ARC, less than 2% and when it pairs with another recessive ApoE allele they seem to be equivalent to a normal ApoE gene (Yamashiro, 2017a). Some variants of the ApoE gene increase the risk of developing heart disease, Alzheimers diseases (AD), and ARC. Compared to the other alleles ApoE 4 increases the risk for AD and it was also found to be a risk factor cerebral amyloid angiopathy, dementia, and multiple sclerosis (Zhong, et al., 2016).Tests for Genotyping ApoE VariantsEarly detection of ApoE alleles that are high-risk factors for ARC is necessary for the most effective treatment of the cancer. It is essential to use rapid and hail-effective examines to genotype all 8 recessive alleles of ApoE to determine carrier place of the recessive alleles and homozygosity of the recessive alleles that will most likely lead to ARC development. There are several test methods for ApoE genotyping and this case study will focus on RT-PCR, Oligonucleotide Microarrays, and abutting Generation Sequencing.Real-time PCR (RT-PCR)Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which was conceptualized by Kary Mullis in 1983 and it has the ability to amplify specific nucleic acid sequences exponentially in a short amount of time. PCR amplification is achieved through multiple round of drinkss of denaturation, annealing, and extension in a thermocycler that controls the temperature for each cycle (Kuslick, Chul, Yamashiro, 2008). In the denaturation step the reaction mix (which contains the desoxyribonucleic acid template that will be amplified, a pair of footings, Taq polymerase, the four building blocks of the DNA which are the deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dATP, dCTP, dGTP,and dTTP), a salt with Mg2+ (a divalent cation ), and a buffer) is heated up for some time to cause the double-stranded DNA to dissociate in preparation for hybridization of the reasons onto the DNA template. During the annealing step, the temperature is brought down in order for the primers hybridize on each DNA strand. Finally, in the extension step, the thermostable DNA polymerase, the Taq polymerase synthesizes the DNA strands with the primers to make new complementary color DNA strands (Kuslick et al, 2008). The amplicons, which are the amplified double stranded deoxyribonucleic acids, are project as bands by agarose gel electrophoresis. Conventional PCR is useful for DNA amplification however, it has a time-consuming procedure and information analysis of the results as each bell ringer needs to be investigated separately by PCR, thus taking a long time to get to a final diagnosis (Irshad et al, 2016).Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) is a PCR technique that allows for visualization of the DNA while it is amplifying by the additi on of a fluorescent fixture primer/probe to the reaction mix and running the reaction under ultraviolet light with a video camera recording each cycle, and translating the data into an amplification curve (Valasek Repa, 2005). RT-PCR has the capability of genotyping all eight ApoE gene variants through SNP ( mavin nucleotide polymorphisms) genotyping using TaqMan technology by amplifying each variant in a separate tube using a forward and annul primer specific for each score sequence of the alleles. TaqMan is an RT-PCR system from Roche and utilizes a primer/probe with a reporter spot and a quencher dishonor attached, for visualization and follows a kindred protocol to that of conventional PCR. The difference is, however, when the Taq polymerase is extending the DNA it encounters the probe and a 5-3 exonuclease activity will cleave the probe which in turn untethers the reporter dye out-of-door from the quencher dye releasing the signal from the reporter dye and the signal is then measured by the equipment that the reaction is being conducted in (Zhong, et al., 2016). Some advantages of SNP TaqMan RT-PCR are that it is a closed reaction system which reduces the risk of contamination of amplicons, has very little labor in the protocol, and takes less than a day to get to a final diagnosis. A disadvantage is that requires an RT-PCR machine that can read data at real time rather than using a fluorescence reader utilise for conventional PCR (Geyer, Reisbig, Hanson, 2012).Non-technical Parameters. When designed optimally the primers for RT-PCR can be very accurate with high specificity and sensitivity of the results. There are many companies other than Roche, like Thermo fisher cat Scientific that offer a variety of TaqMan assay formats for real-time PCR such as singles, 96-well plates, 384 microfluidic cards, and openArray plates (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 2017). The live per assay for TaqMan can be from around $3 and goes up to $350 (Science flip-flop, 2017a).Oligonucleotide MicroarraysDNA microarray technology was originally designed to measure the RNA transcriptional levels of genes in a genome. With this technology, it is now possible gene expression patterns for studying diseases, disease progression, detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and identification for drug targeting. Microarrays use single stranded DNA sequences as probes just like in PCR to form complementary hybrids with the target DNA sequences to measure the expression of multiple genes. Thousands of DNA probes for the target sequences are bound, synthesized, or spotted to a silicon chip wafer similar to those employ for computer microchips.There are two main types of DNA microarray chips methodologies and it depends on the type of probes that are to be spotted (Trevno, Faclciani, Barrera-Saldaa, 2007). One type was developed by Affymetrix that is adapted from the manufacturing of semiconductors and synthesizes short single-stranded oligonucleotides, about 22 nucleotides in length, in situ onto the wafer (Trevno et al, 2007) (Yamashiro, 2017c). The second type uses reverse transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) to get complementary DNA ( complementary DNA) for the cloning of the double-stranded DNA gene sequence, and then amplification of the open reading frames using PCR. The cDNA are the probes bounds to the wafer. A limitation of the cDNA method is that there is an uneven melting temperature due to the differences in the CG- content of the large open reading frames or cDNA sequence probes. There is also non-specific hybridization from overlapped genes, related sequences, and variations in splicing. The oligonucleotide method is designed in such a way that overcomes that of the cDNA probes, by designing the oligonucleotide probes to be complementary to the target sequence and redundantly detect the target segments (Pastinen, et al., 2000) (Trevno, 2007).The extracted nucleic acid sequences are labeled with fluorescent dyes and are hybridized onto the DNA array through incubation and afterward, non-specific hybrids are washed off. The fluorescent dyes are discover through a laser in a confocal scanner that excites them and then produces a digital image of the microarray. Special software is utilise to analyze the image that assigns a final reading of a value that is relative to concentration in each spot of the probe of the target sequence being measured. There are some microarray methods that are competitive two-dye assays that uses two types of fluorophore dyes, one for the target sequence and the other for the reference sample (Trevno, 2007). The microarray reading assigns a ratio of the two dyes equal to the amount of the target sequence to the reference sample. This method is suitable to for measuring a small number of genes (Trevno, 2007).Frequently the oligonucleotide microarray method is used for large scale multiplex genotyping of multiple alleles, mutations, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), and it would be the method of choice for genotyping the ApoE alleles (Pastinen, et al., 2000). Chromosomal microarray is a type of oligonucleotide microarray, that is commonly used in clinical laboratories as a genetic test for analyses of genomic copy number, SNP, karyotyping for visualization and analyses of chromosomal rearrangements like gains and losses (Miller, et al., 2010). Each ApoE variant sequence would be identified using two to three oligonucleotides for the sense and antisense strands. The array would have data points for the sense and antisense primers for analyses in order to reduce the occurrence of false positives. A genotyping software would then identify the variant sequences in each enduring tested (Schrijver, 2005).A downside of microarrays is that for some genetic carrier screening, such as cystic Fibrosis carriers, a second tier of testing is often required to prove carrier status. The second tier is usually a more comprehensive test such as different ial gradient gel electrophoresis or denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography, followed by direct DNA sequencing to characterize the mutations identified by scanning techniques (Schrijver, 2005).Non-technical Parameters. A con of oligonucleotide microarrays is that they can take from a week to a month to get to a diagnostic result, but they do, however, have 80 98% analytical sensitivity and specificity. A pro is that the test can cost anywhere from $25 to $800 per sample, but still more expensive that TaqMan (Science Exchange, 2017b). coterminous Generation SequencingDNA sequencing is the gold standard when it comes to genetic tests, however, its high costs make it difficult for routine use (Schrijver, 2005). In recent years there have been advances in DNA sequencing through Next Generation technologies (NGS), as they afford higher throughput and speed. There are three common NGS platforms, which are Roche 454, Illumina, and AB SOLiD. They are similar in that they measure and analyze signals that are emitted through a second strand of DNA to sequence the DNA. The way the second DNA strand is generated is where these platforms differ. Template DNA is split into smaller pieces, amplified, and then attached on a surface before sequencing (Pabinger, et al., 2014).In the Roche 454 platform, DNA sequence fragments are ligated onto oligonucleotide adapters on beads that go through emulsion PCR that amplifies the DNA to amplify the copy number of the DNA fragments. The beads are diluted, then a single bead is dropped into each microwell of PicoTiterPlate. Pyrosequencing is then conducted by adding enzymes for sequencing and triphosphate nucleotides bases that release pyrophosphates when the bases encounter complementary bases on the DNA sequence that are on the beads. This produces light that is recorded detected by a CCD camera that denotes the triphosphate nucleotide base type in the DNA sequence in each well. This method is phantasm prone as it misidenti fies the length of nucleotides with identical bases (homopolymers) (Hodkinson Grice, 2015).The Illumina approach is the most widely used NGS platform because of it allows a large amount of data to be generated, with a low error rate and is cost effective. This method avoids homopolymers by using a sequencing by synthesis method that uses reversible dye terminators with one nucleotide per sequencing cycle (Hodkinson Grice, 2015). The dye terminators are washed over a flow cell that has the oligonucleotides immobilized on it and had been hybridized with the DNA fragments. After the dye terminator has attached, the unbound nucleotides are washed away and the flow cell is imaged. Since the dye terminator is reversible it can be washed away after each cycle to get the identity of the close base pair. Illumina sequences shorter fragments, about 35 100 base pairs and uses a special program that uses an algorithm to determine the sequence (Hodkinson Grice, 2015) (Yamashiro, 2017d).The AB SOLiD platform is similar to 454, in that it starts with emulsion PCR but uses a sequences-by-litigation approach (Hodkinson Grice, 2015). The DNA libraries are sequenced by by 8 base-probe ligation which contains ligation site (the first base), cleavage site (the fifth part base) (Liu, et al., 2012). Di-based probes that are fluorescently labeled with four dyes, ligate to the DNA sequence and produce a fluorescent signal that is recorded. The sequences are read in multiple cycles since at least the first two bases are read with high confidence. This redundancy of this method reduces its error rate (Liu, et al., 2012) (Yamashiro, 2017d).Non-technical Parameters. To cut time and money anyone of the NGS platforms could be used to only analyze chromosome 19 since that is where the ApoE protein is located. Roche 454 is the most expensive of the three starting at $8000 per sample and Illumina the cheapest with tests starting at $35 per sample. An advantage of the NGS technologies is the amount of data it can generate like mapping parts of or the whole genome of the individual and can be more sensitive to detecting rare sequences among related sequences (Hurd Nelson, 2009).Genotyping MethodologiesMethodsCost per sampleTime to resultAnalytical SensitivityAnalytical SpecificitySNP TaqMan RT-PCR$3-$22598%98%Oligonucleotide Microarray Chip$25-$8001 week 1 month80-98%80-98%NGS platformsRoche 454$8,000-$9,7971 dayIllumina$35-$2,9502-3 days98%98%AB SOLiDN/A 1 week80-98%80-98%ResultsThe SNP TaqMan RT-PCR test method would be the system of choice for genotyping the ApoE alleles. It has the highest analytical sensitivity and specificity and the most cost efficient. Although it does not give as much information as the NGS platforms in terms of epigenetics and genome mapping, it does get the job done within a reasonable amount of time. Microarrays and NGS need specialized software to perform bioinformatic analysis of the results to get a final diagnosis (Liu, et al., 2012 ) (Miller, et al., 2010). Whereas with SNP TaqMan each reaction tube has specific forward and reverse primers for each ApoE allele and can be visualized in real time, making it the easiest to use and fastest to get to a result (Zhong, et al., 2016). Table 1 compares the different technologies explained earlier for genotyping methods. Illumina is the only other technology that can compare to SNP TaqMan RT-PCR in terms of sensitivity and specificity, but it takes a bit longer and the cost can easily go up to thousands of dollars (Science Exchange, 2017b).Validation. In order to develop the TaqMan RT-PCR assay, primers for each ApoE allele are designed through a software through a software such as Beacon Designer 7. An analysis is then done using sequences submitted to a database like GenBank on the primers/probes sequences to evaluate their ability to anneal to the target variants, by means of a BLAST analysis (Geyer et al, 2012). The primer/probe sequences that annealed with a 100% s pecificity to the target variants only, are chosen and are labeled with a different reporter fluorophore dye (e.g. FAM, TET, HEX) at the 5 end and a quencher dye (e.g. TAMRA) at the 3 end (Geyer et al, 2012) (Kutyavin, et al., 2000). The probes are then ordered from a company that manufactures probes for TaqMan such as Bioresearch Technologies in Novato, CA (Qu, Wanner, Christ, 2011).The next steps would be to optimize the PCR assay by testing the parameters of the different components that get put into the master mix, the concentrations of MgCl2, primers/probes, DNA template, dNTPs, Taq polymerase, and buffer concentration. These are tested using a thermocycler that is equipped for TaqMan PCR, where the temperatures and timing for each step in the cycle are also adjusted to get optimal annealing, hybridization, and amplification of the DNA. The Ct value (cycle sceptre) which is the number of cycles in a run that crosses the threshold is determined. Anything above the threshold is a positive indicator that the allele being tested is present (Qu et al, 2011).For validation of the ApoE TaqMan PCR assay, the results are compared to results from a DNA sequencing analysis. The ApoE fragments are amplified by PCR with the designed primer/probes and then the products purified and sequenced by a DNA sequencer like the ABI 3730XL DNA Sequencer by Applied Biosystems (Zhong, et al., 2016).DiscussionEight ApoE alleles are linked to ARC disease and it has been determined the TaqMan RT-PCR would be the best assay to test for these alleles. Screening for ARC related alleles before cancer develops is very beneficial for early treatment before the disease develops or progresses too far and will result in greater longevity (Katsanis Katsanis, 2013). Testing for ARC may lead to the diagnosis of a highly likely predisposition to AD because of its strong link to the ApoE4 allele. With the ApoE4 gene the mean age to develop AD is 68 with a 91% chance for homozygotes, 76 years ol d with a 47% chance for heterozygotes, and 84 years old with 20% for people who do not carry on the allele (Zhong, et al., 2016). There is an ethical dilemma when it is revealed that a patient has the ApoE4 allele, since exposing genetic risk is a complex issue, as it not only shows risk for the patient but also to the patients family member who may also have the allele. They would have to reveal to their relatives that they have the ApoE4 allele and that they should also get tested. The cost of testing for the just one allele would be low since it would not require a large amount of DNA sequencing, a simple PCR test would be sufficient. It also reveals to the patient that they may pass on this gene to their offspring, which might become a burden on them from having any future children. If they are not in a relationship they would also feel pressure that they have to reveal that they are carriers to future partners (Arribas-Ayllon, 2011).There is no clear benefit to early divine re velation of the predisposition of getting AD to young adults because there is no medical intervention available. 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